Point of View

There is nothing more fundamental in photography than establishing a point of view.  Point of view in photography refers to the position of the camera when taking a picture.  If the camera low to the ground this is a “worm’s eye view”.  If the camera higher up and pointed straight down this is a “bird’s eye perspective”.  Although this concept is simple enough, both beginner and more advanced photographers often fail to establish a point of view for nature that coincides with how they personally view the world.  Putting  ones heart and soul into a photograph to create a unique image requires a personally expressive point of view.  

Magenta Paint Brushes in the Mountain Meadow
This image is a good example of a “Worm’s Eye” point of view.

Establishing a personally expressive point of view requires what I call “working the area”.  Before even taking out the large interchangeable lens camera, one must  explore a wide range of points of view.  Go low, go high, get near, move  further back, go left, go right-in short dance around to find the best vantage point for your subject.  A cell phone camera is also a great tool for establishing a point of view, one which I now almost always use because it is so intuitive and allows me to explore many options quickly.  A slow approach to photography does not mean not moving around and even in a go slow approach moving around and working the area should be done fairly quickly in order to explore a wide range of options.  The biggest mistake I see photographers, both beginner and advanced, doing is not moving around and exploring options.  No matter how good you get, you still need to do this!   What I typically see in Landscape Photography even among advanced photographers is getting to a scene and immediately establishing a point of view planting their tripod legs-big mistake. No one is that good! Your legs need to work, you need to dance! I am currently mentoring a beginner Highschool student and point of view is one of the first concepts I taught him.  He quickly understood the concept and carried out an assignment to develop multiple points of view.  The impact on his growth as a creative photographer was immediate and easy to see in his images.

One should establish a point of view before deciding upon an angle view.  The angle of view is determined by the lens focal length.  Wide angle lens have a wide angle of view.  Telephoto lenses have a narrow angle of view.  The temptation is to first start with an angle of view then establish a point of view, but in my experience this approach leads to more formulaic rather than creative images.  Once a good point of view is identified, then and only then should one decide which angle of view (lens focal length) works best to best present the point of view.  The over reliance on either the wide angle or telephoto perspective usually is a result of jumping immediately to one of these two lens choices without first establishing  a personally expressive point of view by working the area.  The wide angle or telephoto may indeed be the best choice for some points of view, but for many others it will be something in the standard focal length range, 30mm to 70mm in full frame photography.  Once you get in the practice of first establishing a point of view, you might find out that on some trips that a majority of your images will actually fall in the often ignored standard focal length range. 

Painted Hills Claystone Silt Abstract: 32mm, F14, 1/60, ISO 400 Handheld
This is a good example of a “Bird’s Eye” point of view looking straight down.

Spirits of our Ancestors: Painted Hills 
72mm, F14, 1/20, ISO 100, 2 image focus stack
Although this image has a near far perspective it was not taken with a wide angle lens but rather with a 70-200 telephoto zoom at 72mm.  I first established a point of view by working this area for about an hour before settling on this composition.  The layering you see in this image, of not only the grassy foreground but also the turquoise peaks and red painted hill like mounds, could only be achieved using a moderate telephoto focal length.  The grassy foreground was the most tricky in this image and it required a low point of view fairly far back from the grass and focus stacking to get the entire image sharp.

Middle Fork Bridge to the Spirit of the Shire:
70MM, F14, 1/2S, ISO 100, Focus Stack
I discovered the point of view for this image by getting very low to the ground and making multiple dance moves forward and back, left and right, looking for the vantage point that would provide the best visual flow from the moss to the tree trucks and bridge.  Once settling on this point of view, I decided it would work best with a 70mm moderate telephoto perspective to achieve a good  balance between a near far perspective and compression of key elements in the scene.   A 70mm telephoto would also render the bridge at a size that would draw the eye into the light shining on the bridge through the trees and the middle fork river basin.

Day of the Eagle 347mm, F11, 1/2000, ISO 1250 Handheld
The point of view for this image is looking more or less strait up which allowed me to photograph the textures on the underside of the eagle’s spread-out wings.  In order to render the bird at a sufficient size in the frame I used my 200-600 zoom lens.

Trilliums Underneath Big Cedar Tree 18mm, F16, 1/5, ISO 400 Focus Stack 
The point of view for this image is a worms eye view and up close to the trilliums but also looking almost straight up to the big tree in the distance.  It might look easy but it took some doing to get this point of view.  Although I tried this with a much wider focal length I found 18mm offered a less distorted and more realistic rendering of the scene, much as if one were lying on the forest floor and looking up at the trilliums and big cedar tree. 

Two Hearts Beat As One: 16mm, F14, 1/10, ISO 100 Focus Stack
Olympic National Park

This is Lunch Lake in the Seven Lakes Basin of Olympic National Park.  This lake from most points of view does not look like a heart but from this point of view it does.  Note there is another lake in the basin called Heart Lake that more obviously looks like a heart from any point of view.  Point of view often also involves juxtaposition.   Juxtaposition is often not easy to find and involves both a keen eye and much moving around and working the area.  The rock in the foreground and surrounding red huckleberries echoes the heart shape of the lake.  In nature all hearts beat as one.  

Know Thy Self

Although the concept of a Point of View is simple enough, it is where you place your camera, many people find it challenging to create a personally expressive Point of View. To create an image that is personally expressive, a person needs to first be aware of how nature and the landscape makes them feel at a more emotional level. This might seem simple enough also, but I have found through my work with multiple students, few (at least initially) have this ability. It is not quite the same as the thoughts and feelings you bring with you when you visit a landscape. It is the feelings, emotions and moods that flow from your immediate and moment by moment connection to nature and the landscape.

Comfortably Lost in the Middle Fork Forest

I have found that the best way to get in touch with what you are feeling when in nature is to spend at least some time daily walking through nature ironically without a camera in hand. Doing this daily will help you move toward a more meditative state of mind, also known as the “Beginners Mind” in Zen. The “Beginners Mind” is free from preconceived notions about a place and our normal preoccupations with daily concerns. This opens the door to a more immediate connection to the nature and the landscape. Freed from the filters of the mind, one is more open to immediate flashes of perception and seeing things that others likely pass by. This is because you will be connecting directly with nature, nature in you, you in nature, no separation.

Forest Pond Mossy Stones

While hiking through the Middle Fork forest I came upon this small pond surround by lush mossy stones. To me, although not grandiose in its beauty, it was such beautiful sight to behold on a Mid Winter day. Several people reached out to me on Social Media wanting to know exactly where this scene is located. I declined to tell them as I know that scenes like this can only be found through becoming more self aware and in tune with one’s surroundings, not be retracing someone else’s steps.

What About Intentions?

Some of you may be wondering is there a place for intentions when establishing a personal point of view that requires getting back to a more beginners state of mind and letting go of expectations. My answer is that there is still a place for intensions. One should always start out with a set of intensions. To do otherwise is a bit like setting out on a boating trip with no ability to stir the ship. Having intentions is not the problem, the problem is not being open to changing plans once circumstances change. In the movie “Get Back”, during the creative recording sessions where the Beatles were engaged in a very free flowing and iterative process of composing their songs, Paul McCarthy says to his band mates that entering a session with no plan is a recipe for getting absolutely nothing done. This is interesting that he would say this because there was an incredible amount of improvisation and changing of plans in those jam sessions associated with the songs on the Get Back film set. The songs that were eventually recorded bore little resemblance to the original ideas and plans. Creative photography follows a similar trajectory. One is far more likely to be creative if one starts off with a set of intensions, but at the same time feels an immediate connection to nature, and is willing to pivot with what is happing in the field and momentary flashes of new perception. Can you imagine trying to write an essay or a story without a outline? Can you imagine the creators of the movie Avatar attempting to make a movie without a script or a plan? Of course not. Plans are not the problem and are necessary. The problem is not being flexible and willing to pivot and change the plan.

Cherry Blossoms Cobble Stone Roots

This old gnarled Cherry Tree, with its beautiful blossoms, also looked a bit spooky in the light of the early morning, also collecting some warm light from the golden lamps. Standing contorted and strong, as if it was doing a kind of yoga tree pose, its reflection to me looked almost like its own roots anchored deep deep in the ground. When I arrived at the UW Quad on this early morning, this is not the image I had planned. But when I realized that hoards of people were standing in the way of my originally planned compositions, I looked with fresh eyes in areas where few people were present. When I saw this magnificent tree, I knew this was the image and story for this day!

Technique: Learn it to Forget It

In a sense having a plan and the ability to be spontaneous both aim for the same thing. Both help free our mind from an overly deliberate and analytic approach to photography and allow us to shoot more from the heart which is the key to being creative. Because the plan is already there we do not need to think about it all that much in field. And because we are spontaneous we also do not need to think all that much about the need to change direction. Even higher levels of freedom are possible by being so thoroughly knowledgeable about photographic technique that it also becomes second nature. As important as things like aperture, shutter speed, and ISO are, we should not have to think about them all that much in the field. At this point in my photographic journey, I dial them in manually with no thought at all. This frees me to follow my heart mind finding that point of view that supports best my creative vision.

Tree Beards and Mossy Arms
I think some trees, just like people, come to life in the offseason or Winter, when we can see better their true form. With this Broad Leaf Maple Tree, we can also see its many lichen beards and moss covered arms cantilevered and spreading out over the Middle Fork of the Snoqualmie River. This scene was not part of the plan for this day and was a spontaneous discovery through a flash of perception out of the corners of my eyes. I have passed this tree countless times on my travels through the Middle Fork, but only on this day did it grab my attention. I instantly knew what to do and did not need to think through the technical details of how to create this shot. The how to was second nature to me, freeing me up to to follow the heart mind, establish a point and angle of view, and record on my camera sensor my creative vision.

Putting it All Together

Establishing a point of view, especially when combined with an angle of view, is the single most important creative decision in photography. A point of view is simply where we place our camera. Establishing the best point of view requires moving around, going this way and that. Get prepared to quickly dance. You will get a Zumba workout! Although the concept of a Point of View seems simple enough, for an image to rise to the level that is recognized as art, the point of view needs to be personally expressive in a way that also instills an emotional reaction in others. Personal expression requires that we are in touch with how nature and a landscape makes us feel. For this we must get back to more of a “Beginners Mind” that is free from preconceived notions about what is our task for the day. This does not mean we go into the field without intentions. Intentions are vital for putting the creative process in motion. The “Beginners Mind”, and the ability to pivot with changing circumstances, however, are what will ultimately lead us to the a personally expressive and unique point of view.

I’m Still Standing
Several of the trees in this grove (but not all) stand alone in having survived an ancient fire. Standing underneath this ancient grove and walking along the boardwalk, one feels humbled and what it means to endure in the face of danger.
Establishing a point of view for this image involved use of a moderately wide angle view (27mm) and getting above the boardwalk leading to the Lady in Red. She was important in providing a sense of scale to this image juxtaposed with the sunburst at the top of the image to further enhance the sense of scale of the forest. It was important not to go too wide and not to stand too close to the forest in order to preserve the sense of forest compression.


Thanks so much for reading and viewing the images of this blog post. I encourage you to share your reactions, thoughts, comments, impressions on this post here. If you think others would enjoy reading this post, please also share it with your friends and communities. If you would like to see more content like this subscribe to the blog so you automatically receive future blog posts. To find out more about my workshops, apprenticeship, and coaching programs click here. To learn more upon my perspectives on nature be sure to check out my Ebook, the Hidden Landscape: The Inside Passage. This image rich book is 248 pages and provides insight how nature, mystery, the Tao, Zen, and the American Transcendentalism of Thoreau inform my photography and can provide sources for you own inspiration. Here is the link to the EBOOK along with a preview. https://payhip.com/b/FCI4z. Thanks again and happy trails!

Happiness is sitting on a carpet of moss in the Middle Fork valley!

My Encounters with Wabi-Sabi and the Quest for Perfection in Nature Photography

Wabi-Sabi is an aesthetic for beauty that has its roots in historical Japanese culture, buy also reaches way back to the practices of Zen and Taoism in China. Wabi-Sabi honors all that is authentic in nature by acknowledging three simple truths: nothing lasts, nothing is finished, and nothing is perfect. This stands in sharp contrast to classical western and modern concepts of beauty. In the classical western tradition beauty is associated with perfection with the proper relation of all parts to the whole. The modern tradition takes this classical concept a step further emphasizing clean geometric lines, the bold and spectacular. Wabi-Sabi, however, is more organic and connected to the earth with all its imperfections. In Nature, objects that evoke the spirit of Wabi-Sabi are especially ones that show nature in flux, moving out of or returning to nothingness-for example settling claystone silt and mud (shown below), new flower blossoms, or fallen leaves. Wabi-Sabi arrangements and compositions are not perfect–irregularities and asymmetries can almost always be found.

Painted Hills Claystone Silt Abstract
With the heavy rains in the Painted Hills, some of the claystone washes away with the silt quickly drying in streambeds often forming beautiful patterns with contrasting colors. These change from one rainstorm to the next and with different directional light for a constantly changing show. Who says mud cannot also be beautiful!
This image is only loosely geometric, and it has more of an organic feel, with many irregularities, that brings us closer to the earth.  It is here where we can better feel the oftentimes imperfect rhythms of authentic nature rather than our own projections of a geometric order onto the natural world.  

A often sited example of Wabi-Sabi are cherry blossoms, especially at the early stage of the bloom cycle when there are still flower buds or when blossoms begin falling down and decorating the ground below. The cherry blossom cycle is short, at most a week or so, perfectly embodying the spirit of Wabi-Sabi: nothing lasts, nothing is finished, and nothing is perfect.

Cherry Blossom Time
I know spring has arrived when I see the Cherry Blossoms! I especially like them when there are both flower buds and blossoms living harmoniously together! Cherry blossoms opening and in transition also embody the spirit of Wabi-Sabi.

Humanmade structures in nature that show the impact of weather and associated changes over time also show the spirit of Wabi-Sabi, as is the case with this old abandoned farm house in the image below.

This Old Farm House
As I made my way to the Painted Hills on a stormy day, I passed this old, abandoned farmhouse and decided to make a roadside stop. I love the old, weathered look of the wooden house against the dark stormy backdrop along with a few tumbleweeds in the front yard. Even the small amount of graffiti seemed to add a interesting touch
. Wabi-Sabi is especially evident in weathered structures on their way out, returning to nature in an endless cycle of change

Encounters with Wabi-Sabi

It is impossible to define precisely what Wabi-Sabi is. The ancient Zen masters of Wabi-Sabi did not want to communicate this knowledge in this way. Wabi-Sabi is more of a mood or a feeling that at best lends itself more to a poetic description, rather than anything that can be analyzed and explained in rational terms. Photographers encounter Wabi-Sabi as they grow in their ability to find beauty in ordinary things and places. The best training ground for appreciating Wabi-Sabi is not a well known iconic landscape where bold and spectacular beauty is staring at us in the face. The best training ground is in places usually overlooked, most of time hidden, but often close by, in our ordinary worlds.

My house in the Woodside Neighborhood is located on the urban growth boundary of the greater Seattle area. Out my front door and a short ways down the street is a large area of open-space made up of several interconnected parks. This area is primarily second growth woodland with a pond and a few small forested lakes. Most would not consider this area very remarkable and mainly of interest to people who happen to live close by. One seldom encounters people visiting from other areas and this is primarily a locals only place where they take a casual hike rambling through a quite ordinary forested area.

Fern Hill Forest
Here is some local beauty across the street from my home on a north facing hillside leading down to the Cedar River. Walking to through this ravine I had the feeling of total immersion in this transparent wall of ferns.

These woods right out my front door are a perfect place for me to have encounters with the spirit of Wabi-Sabi. Because Wabi-Sabi is often hidden, it is up to us to give Wabi-Sabi context and perspective. It does not appear on its own accord. Think of Wabi-Sabi, as more of an altered state of consciousness where the light bulb clicks and we see beauty where we saw none before. Here are a few images from these woods that I believe embody the spirit of Wabi-Sabi.

Winter Leaves
After autumn most leaves darken and slowly disintegrate into the earth, a few find a place in an otherwise wet Pacific Northwest where they can just dry out and maintain their beautiful veins and some of their color, now with some areas of black and blue, after the snow has melted and well into winter. In retrospect, looking at the back of the leaf, for a moment I thought I saw a few angelfish swimming from right to left!

Wild Current Blossoms in the Forest
From my sunrise walk on a April morning in the forest outside of my home, here is a welcome sign of spring in the PNW, the blossoms of a wild current bush bringing some color to the forest.

This next image is more of a synthesis of Wabi-Sabi and a more modern perspective. I would not have encountered this beautiful sunset had I not been willing to venture into the quite ordinary woods close to my home. Encounters with Wabi-Sabi made me more open to encountering this extraordinary beauty at this quite humble forested pond.

Erwin’s Pond
The official name of this pond is Wetland 14 Natural Area. That feels a little overly technical and unimaginative to me, a little like second and third beach in Olympic National Park so I gave it my own name, Erwin’s Pond-but I encourage others to name it as they will! I have heard from a passerby on the trail who has walked this area forever (He is in his upper 80’s) that this was a peat mine that filled with spring water after the mine was abandoned. The woman who lived here had the entire pond in her residence. When she passed on, she willed the land to the park system for enjoyment of everyone. I can imagine the sunsets she saw here living at the pond 365 days a year! It is a simple pond surrounded by second growth trees; most of the time not all that remarkable. But this body of water does collect the light in such a beautiful way, and when there are clouds the reflections for me are beyond beautiful. I find the lily pads in bloom also very attractive. But more than all this, for me this is a place for meditation and reflection I can access frequently-maybe not 365 days a year, but at least 60 times a year!

Wasabi and Popular Movements in Nature Photography

In his landmark book: “Wabi-Sabi for Artists, Designers, Poets & Philosophers”, 2008, Leonard Koren points out that Wabi-Sabi has always associated itself with alternative cultural movements especially in aesthetic tastes. In the 16th century it was a reaction slick, perfect and bold Chinese art and treasures emphasizing instead the organic, imperfect, subtle, and earthy artifacts of the Japanese Tea Ceremony. Koren believes that Wabi-Sabi is also present in more recent cultural movements especially among younger people including the Beat Generation, Hippies, Counter Culture, and other Alternative Cultures. In modern times Wabi-Sabi turns away from slick and bold, exactly packaged, Madison Avenue like presentations of beauty to something much more organic, unique, earthy, irregular, and even murky.

Coyote Canyon Garden Wall
I am truly amazed at the resiliency of these Desert Parsley flowers growing in the cracks of the Coyote Wall. Not only is it challenging to live in this near desert area due to sparse rain fall, but somehow, they manage to thrive in the cracks of rocks where there is even less moisture. I loved how the surrounding patterns of the Columbia Gorge canyon wall helped to feature the beauty of these rock hardy plants.

In this blog post I am primarily interested in how Wabi-Sabi is associated with popular movements in nature and landscape photography. In this context I think it is fair to say that we find the spirit of Wabi-Sabi in the following movements:

  • Slow Photography Movement
  • Contemplative Photography Movement
  • Zen Photography
  • Expressive Photography
Zen Wet Rocks

I am not going to get into the philosophies of each of these movements but suffice it to say all four advocate slowing down, paying more attention to details, developing a more meditative, intuitive and mindful approach to photography. All four want us to be internally motivated and not allow the expectations of others to shape our photographic vision. All four also in my opinion struggle to explain in rational terms what their movement involves and there are definitely no exact step by step by the numbers approaches for creating images consistent with the aesthetic of any of these movements.

It is noted that Wabi-Sabi is closely aligned with Zen. In Zen the teachings are not explained in rational terms but rather through the use of koans-a kind of parable that defies logic such as: Two monks are arguing about a flag. One says, “The flag is moving.” The other, “The wind is moving.” A third walks by and says, “Not the wind, not the flag; the mind is moving.” Although our first inclination may be to try to figure the koan out, that is not possible. The purpose of the koan is to move us away from our rational mind to more of an intuitive way of perceiving the world. It is this kind of intuition that shapes our perception of the natural world and opens our senses to the world of Wabi-Sabi.. We begin to notice details we did not see before and interconnections between material things become more apparent. In short our creative minds get in touch with the spirit of Wabi-Sabi.

East Meets West

Touch of Autumn in Winter

Without knowing the name Wabi-Sabi until the last couple of years, I believe I have had encounters with the spirit of Wab-Sabi throughout most of the decades of my life. Prior to social media being a thing, I always had a penchant for the small scene, macro, intimate details, and finding beauty in ordinary places and things. With the rise of social media and my involvement in it through the sharing of images, I like most photographers started posting images that I knew, from examining behavior of others on social media, would be popular. But with me this phase did not last long. Although I would not say I am currently immune from the pull of catering to what I know for sure will be popular, this is definitely not my primary motivation any longer. But I would not go so far as to say that I travel only within the realm of Wabi-Sabi either. There is too much of the western and modern influences in me. I do love the bold, colorful, and often dramatic grand scenes that quickly capture my own attention and the attention of others. But my experiences with Wabi-Sabi have forever changed me, so that even when I am photographing the Grand Scene, Wabi-Sabi is shaping how I compose the scene, what I include and exclude, and my tolerance for and even welcoming of imperfections and sloppy geometry!

Clouds Float in My Eyes
At sunrise the sky of Garibaldi Lake was mostly blue, but as morning progressed patchy clouds appeared everywhere and were reflected in the beautiful water of the enormous lake. Early morning light filtered through gaps in the clouds help create this beautiful grand landscape. The clouds in this image if viewed somewhat abstractly form an X like shape, but it is imperfect with broken lines and irregular shapes. But with all of these imperfections and Wabi-Sabi we can still sense a modern and crisp vision of the world. I like to think of this image as embodying a synthesis of Modernity and Wabi-Sabi.

Grand Landscape Revisited

Much of the training and instruction in photography workshops today, especially those that are primarily focused on the iconic grand landscape, are about achieving a sort of perfectionist ideal in images. In workshops people are taken to iconic places and even specific scenes within iconic places where much of the planning and thinking has already been done for us. These places are bold and grandiose with clean geometric lines. These places are shutter ready with compositions that are already proven to be popular. Everything is all teed up with the only variable the weather and there are attempts to even plan for the best possible outcome there. Although getting to some of these places may be challenging, either in transportation or physically challenging, they are not the type of places where instructors are providing encouragement to see the scene with fresh eyes in a more creative way. If truth be known many of these instructors lack the skills even to do this. I know this to be the case because I have participated in several of these workshops myself. Sure I came back with some awesome images, but they were not ones that I am particularly proud of from the standpoint of personally expressive creativity.

Palouse Falls Dream
I love this iconic perspective of Palouse Falls. When I was there all around me were over 30 photographers, most part of workshops, all taking more or less the same image. If you have ever gone to this location, you will know that there are only a couple of compositions in this area that work well. Although I am proud of this image, especially with the beautiful not always present sunset clouds and processing, I cannot claim that it is particularly creative. There are literally tens of thousands of others out there like it!

The march to create a common and ubiquitous commonality in beautiful and perfect images does not stop in the field. It moves forward into the digital darkroom where a uniform style and instantly recognizable aesthetic in processing is taught, so that our images have that same kind of wow look that so many of the most popular images on popular social media sites have. Images are warped so as to obtain more perfect geometric shapes, patterns and relationships. Elements that are less than perfect are cropped or cloned out, and the lighting in the scene is heavily altered to place all of the emphasis on the most perfect elements of the scene. Even nature’s colors are changed so as to obtain a kind of perfect color harmony. It is a march toward perfection. But do we ever truly get there? In our attempts to obtain perfection are we fighting nature itself? In creating perfection do we loose our organic connection to nature?

Convergence
A photographer friend of mine in Vancouver Canada, Connie Wong, said this about this image upon viewing it when we were also discussing Wabi-Sabi: “It has dimension. It may have imperfections but I think it is a good balance. There is balance of the lines meeting on either sides of the midline. The darker to lighter tones draws the eyes into the photo. The streaks creates movement and flow.” I could not have said it better myself. Thanks Connie. I like to think of this image as a Convergence, not only of lines, but also of the spirit of Modernity and Wabi-Sabi, East and and West.

How might our choice of compositions change if we openly embraced irregularities, asymmetries, incongruities, murkiness, even distractions, and hard to spot details in our images? And if we embraced all of this but at the same time did not abandon our attempts to capture the bold, grand, dramatic, even the geometric–would this result in a creative synthesis between the modern vision of a perfect world and the Wabi-Sabi vision of nature where nothing is perfect and nothing is finished? There is beauty in this tension between the perfect and imperfect, that can provide inspiration to create images that not only capture our immediate attention but also cause us to stay awhile with the image and explore its details and subtleties. This is where I am at today—exploring the beautiful synthesis between Modernity and Wabi-Sabi in both grand landscape and small more intimate scenes.

Elfin Rocks
After climbing up over Elfin Lakes close to sunset, I felt drawn to these split, irregular, and somewhat crushed rocks leading out to the beautiful lake basin and distant peaks. These are likely remnants of past actions of glaciers that were once here leaving intriguing lines, textures and shapes.
Fallen Blossoms and Umbrellas in the Rain

Thanks so much for reading and viewing the images of this blog post. I encourage you to share your reactions, thoughts, comments, impressions on this post here. If you think others would enjoy reading this post, please also share it with your friends and communities. If you would like to see more content like this subscribe to the blog so you automatically receive future blog posts. To find out more about my workshops, apprenticeship, and coaching programs click here. To learn more upon my perspectives on nature be sure to check out my Ebook, the Hidden Landscape: The Inside Passage. This image rich book is 248 pages and provides insight how nature, mystery, the Tao, Zen, and the American Transcendentalism of Thoreau inform my photography and can provide sources for you own inspiration. Here is the link to the EBOOK along with a preview. https://payhip.com/b/FCI4z. Thanks again and happy trails!

Nature and Nurture: Creativity and Skill in the Art of Photography

One of my core beliefs is that we all have the potential to be creative. I believe not only this because of my own experience in learning the art and craft of creative photography, but also through my experience teaching others through my photography workshops and my apprenticeship program. Also, many of the top photographers who I admire the most have confided in me that they were not originally creative and that creativity came to them slowly over the course of many years..

By the Light of the Setting Sun and Rising Moon

I have no formal education in photography and the arts, and I am largely self-taught.  For most of my career I worked at Boeing as a Cost Analyst.  My forays into nature served as a necessary counterbalance to my role in the corporate world.   I have learned the art and craft of photography from many sources not the least of which is direct experience of nature.  Other indispensable sources include reading books, YouTube videos, tutorials, participation in photography club outings, hanging out with photography friends, photography workshops, studying the images of others, and willingness to experiment and make mistakes.    I think, however, my biggest hurdle that I needed to get over in developing a creative approach to photography is getting beyond my belief “that I am not creative’. My experience has taught me that we all have the capacity to be creative. In my case Nature itself was my best ally in breaking through thought patterns, usually learned, that tell us we are not creative. I will get into more about this later. Channeling creativity into an image of course also requires skills that must be learned. Creativity and skill are not an either-or proposition, the two are inseparable. But it is my belief the capacity to be creative is something we are all born with, but for most of us somewhere along the way this capacity becomes blocked, ironically due to learning. It is the ultimate irony of the creative process that we must learn to unlearn much of what we have been taught!

My apprenticeship program, where I work with a budding photographer over a period of one year, has also convinced me that everyone has the capacity to be creative and learn the art and craft of photography. Everyone learns in different ways and one of the benefits of a one-on-one apprenticeship program is the ability to tailor instruction to support the way a specific individual best acquires knowledge and learns. With all of my students this has meant putting them in the driver seat. They use their own camera and their own computer while I help guide them through their options, rather than just watching how I go about taking and processing images. I teach them the skills they need and help them see their creative options but leave actual creative choices up to them. With the student in the driver seat, this helps develop confidence, that they can do it. This confidence in turn helps unlock the creative potential, that in many ways was always there. I feel successful once the student does not need me anymore and develops their own ability to grow creatively.

Forest Moss Icicles

For as long as I can remember there has been an ongoing debate about the origins of creativity. Some think only certain people are born to be creative, and others think that creativity solely a function of one’s environment and how it supports the learning process. It turns out that science supports both nature and nurture playing a role in the creative process, but not in the way that many would expect. Let us take a look at study that is particularly important in this regard.

In a landmark study, NASA hired Dr. George Land and Dr. Beth Jarman to develop a test to measure creative potential for NASA’s scientists and engineers.  The test measured divergent thinking, the ability to come up with lots of ideas to solve a particular problem. After using the test within NASA, Land and Jarman, decided to use the same test to address the age-old question “where does creativity come from”. The test was administered to 1600 children who were then retested at different points in their life span.

As you can see from the above chart test performance declines precipitously with age. “What we have concluded,” wrote Land, “is that non-creative behavior is learned”. What we can therefore also conclude is the creativity is not so much learned as unlearned or put another way we must learn to unlearn much of what we have been taught, especially any negative and often habitual thoughts that we are not creative.

Mt. Si Boardwalk into the Fog and Mist

This notion that our natural capacity for creativity declines with age, can be found in the wisdom and spiritual traditions of the Tao, Zen and also American Transcendentalism. Consider this passage from chapter 56 of the Tao De Ching as translated by Sam Torode.

The Tao

As creatures grow and mature,

they begin to decay.

This is the opposite of the Tao—-

the Tao remains ever young.

Lao Tsu

A central theme in the Taoist perspective is a return to nature. At a more personal level this also means a recovery of our own nature. I say recovery, because our own original nature, a sort of childlike primordial state, was always there but its voice has become faint as we grow and mature in a society that pulls us away from the expression of our natural self that was born to be creative. For more on the Tao see my blog post The Tao of Nature Photography.

My daughter Caroline, running through the tulip fields and naturally expressing herself, long ago.

Zen

The way of Zen is for us to awaken to our true nature. When we wake up, we are also more creative because we loosen the hold of mental filters that not only falsely define who we are but also limit creative possibilities. The renowned Twentieth Century Psychoanalyst Erich Fromm expressed it more bluntly this way at a conference with D.T. Suzuki on Zen Buddhism and Psychoanalysis. “The average person’s consciousness is mainly false consciousness consisting of fictions and illusion, while precisely what he is not aware of is reality.” Zen practices such as meditation and mindfulness help us to slow down and gradually weaken the fictions and illusions surrounding our false identities. In the process of this happening our expanded awareness brings us into contact with new sources of creativity. For more on Zen see my blog post The Way of Zen, Love of Nature and Photography.

American Transcendentalism

The sun illuminates only the eye of the man, but shines into the heart of the child.

From Nature by Ralph Waldo Emerson

What did Emerson mean by these words? Many people only see nature as an object, but the child has a deep spiritual connection to nature. For Emerson, we are all an integral part of nature, with no separation between ourselves and the natural world. But most often we no longer feel this way. We separate ourselves from nature in the sense we no longer feel deeply connected to it. And yet the child is different; she feels nature deep inside her heart and in her soul. She doesn’t just see the sun, she sees—and feels—what it illuminates. Children are naturally curious about the world around them, and this curiosity spawns creative exploration. But as children mature into adults this curiosity gradually becomes less and less until at last one surrenders to the force of habit losing our natural inclination to be creatively curious. The primary reason for Emerson writing Nature was to issue a call to adults to bring back their childlike sense of wonder in exploring the possibilities of Nature. For more on American Transcendentalism see my blog post Journey to Your Own Walden Pond: Thoreau’s Legacy and his Message to a Modern World.

“Truly I tell you, unless you change and become like children, you will never enter the kingdom of heaven.”

Jesus Mathew 18:3

You are the River: Green River Gorge

“Good artists borrow, great artists steal” Picaso

If both learning and unlearning are required for expressing oneself creatively in a photograph, which comes first? My answer is the two are inextricably intertwined. Although it has become popular in recent times to play down the role of technique and skill in the creation of photographic art, I know from my personal experience that the more that I develop my skill level, the better I am able to achieve my creative vision. But technique and skill alone will not result in a creative and artistic image.

A commonly accepted definition of creativity is “The process that leads to a novel and useful outcome”. I am not, however, going to get into this academic definition here of creativity because I think it does more to distract us than help up. I am going to voice my strong opinion, however, because I think that is what people who follow my work want to know. Photographic images that are creative and artistic need to have emotional impact. If well-crafted and composed images using good photographic technique do not result in emotional reaction in the viewer, they can never rise to the level of being creative and artistic, let alone great. Too often definitions of creativity have focused on the presence of novelty (something new or different) in the photograph and downplaying emotions. Personally, I think novelty has little to do with artistic creativity in photography, music, or any other field. We have all heard the expression “steal like an artist”. This is fact what creatives do, whether they be photographers, painters. musicians or writers. They borrow from many influences, standing on the shoulders of those who came before them. It is in their unique and authentic integration of various influences into their own personal style that results in an artistically creative image with emotional impact. My definition of creativity as it pertains to photography for those who insist upon a definition would go more like this: “The ability to experience and express artistically original, appropriate, and authentic combinations of emotions-adapted from Averill and Thomas-Knowles, 1991.”

You Keep Me Hanging On: Kendal Lakes Snowshoe Trail

Learn it to forget it

What I tell all of my students in my apprenticeship program is that we must “learn it to forget it.” In other words, we must learn so thoroughly how to operate our cameras, take pictures, and process images that we do not need to think all that much about the technical side of things. A good analogy would be driving a car. Sure, we are aware at all times that we are driving, but our focus is more upon where we are going because safe driving techniques have become almost automatic. So, it is with creative photography. Once photographic technique is thoroughly mastered, we do not need to think about technique all that much anymore, then we can focus instead upon what is our photographic vision and the realization of that vision. Here are some basic areas of learning that we must learn so thoroughly that they become almost second nature freeing us up to live and breathe our creative vision.

Discipline is a way of expression. Say, you want to to express your feelings in stone. Now, stone doesn’t give way very easily; it’s tough stuff. And so you have to learn the skill–or the discipline–of the sculptor in order to express yourself in stone. So in every other way, whatever you do, you require a skill.

Alan Watts

Once the basics are learned, then one should also master as well these more advanced areas of expertise to further support movement into ones creative zone.

I am not going to get into the specifics of these learning areas too much here, as I am bringing this up to make a point that embarking upon a creative journey does involve learning skills. Although these skills will not necessarily result in a creative and artistic image, they are part of our tool box that makes creative photography possible, especially the basic skills. That is why in my apprenticeship program I teach all of these skills. Ideally my students learn these skills to forget about them!

Alpine Pond Autumn Moods

In the Zone

Once we have learned the basic skills and made good progress with the more advanced skills, it will be much easier for us to get “In the Zone” of artistic creativity. Why might you ask? We step out into nature fully confident that we have the requisite skills in our toolbox necessary to do the job. This helps liberate us from being too involved in a thinking process that can actually get in the way of getting us back to that more childlike state of natural wonder that is the wellspring of creativity.

What do we mean by “In the Zone”? Let’s look at a few definitions. Cambridge Dictionary says, “If you are in the zone, you are happy or excited because you are doing something very skillfully and easily.” In the Zone is an idiomatic phrase and not a word so it makes sense to also share the Online Slang Dictionary definition. To be in the zone is “to have one’s thoughts flow easily and creatively with regards to art, music design, or invention” (and I might add the creative photography). Being “In the Zone” is very much like being “In a Flow State.” Although the term Flow State was popularized by positive psychologist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi the concept has actually been around for centuries. In the flow state there is a sense of fluidity between body and mind, where you are so totally absorbed and deeply focuses on something that distractions disappear and time seems to slow way down. Your senses are heightened, and you feel one with the task at hand and your environment. Action and awareness coalesce in an effortless momentum as you carry out the task at hand, in our case creating a photograph.

Coming Home: Avalanche Lilies and Ranger Patrol Carbon at Indian Henry’s Hunting Ground

Coming Home

All children are artists. The problem is how to remain an artist once we grow up.

Pablo Picasso

Skills enable us to be creative, but how do we get back to a home where we once again see the world more with the eyes of a child? Although there are no series of steps, we can take that will bring this perspective back, there are practices that can help us feel more present. These practices include daily walks in nature, meditation and mindfulness. These practices will help loosen the grip of some of the barriers that keep us from experiencing the world of nature in a more intuitive, playful and spontaneous way. These barriers have to do with our habitual way of thinking about and experiencing the natural world. Daily walks in nature, meditation and mindfulness help weaken our habitual thoughts through making us more present and aware of our surroundings opening up the door to see the world with fresh creative eyes. You will find a more complete discussion of the practices of daily walks in nature, meditation and mindfulness in my blog post The Way of Zen, Love of Nature, and Photography.

Photography Practices

There are also photography practices that will help us see the natural world with fresh eyes. These will differ for each individual depending upon where you are at in your photography journey. But the basic idea here is to take up a photography practice that is different from what you normally do. For example, if you normally shoot primarily macro or small intimate scenes you may try near far perspectives of the Grand Landscape. Or if you shoot primarily birds, you may try instead shooting images of people in the landscape. This works for some of the same reasons that walking, meditation and mindfulness work. It takes us away from our habitual way of thinking about and experiencing the natural world, bringing us back home, to more of a beginner’s mind, one that is better able to see nature in fresh ways as if one had once again the eyes of a child. Sure, there will be new skills to learn, but my experience is that if you are already evolved in a least one genera of photography, these skills will be learned quickly and easily because you are already starting from a point of significant knowledge.

If your mind is empty, it is always ready for anything, it is open to everything. In the beginner’s mind there are many possibilities, but in the expert’s mind there are few

Shunryu Suzuki (Zen Monk and Teacher)

In the remainder of this blog post, I am going to explore multiple photography practices/genera that may help you get out of your creative slump. Again, they will help, not because there is anything inherently creative about these practices, but rather they may help breakthrough your habitual way of thinking about and experiencing the natural world. With this breakthrough you may once again see the world through the eyes of a child. Regardless of which practice or genera you choose, what is important is that you feel the spark of passion for this new approach. Going back to what I mentioned earlier, it is my belief unless you feel the spark of emotion in taking images and also covey this in your images in a way that also resonates with others, the photography will never rise to the level of being great and creative, let alone rise to level of being art.

Near Far

Light of the Angels North Cascades. 31mm, F14, 1/15s, ISO 100

Near far compositions, especially with the use of a wide-angle lens, have received a bad rap lately. Many perceive that the use of the wide-angle lens to capture grand scenes, especially icons, results in too many quickly captured images that are visually similar and lack creativity. This may be true for the initial spotting of the scene and taking a quick picture, but zeroing in and fine tuning the composition is another matter entirely. Used properly this lens is one of the most difficult but also one of the most rewarding lenses to use. A wide angle zoom, skillfully used, can also highlight your unique vision for the scene even if it is a often photographed location. Another criticism I frequently hear is that with a wide angle zoom one can only pick out one or maybe two compositions for a scene. This criticism reveals more of a user’s lack of knowledge or experience in the creative use of the wide angle zoom, than it is an accurate assessment of the lens’s potential. When one gets low and as close as possible to the foreground, even micro movements can and will result in substantially different compositions. The possibilities are virtually limitless. With a wide angle zoom, I can pick out in most situations as many as ten different compositions which is likely a point at which few would even want to venture beyond! A final misconception about the use of wide-angle lenses for near far is that one always goes to the most extreme wide angle. For me a least, nothing could be further from the truth. I am shooting the above image at 31MM which is almost near a normal perspective. This is a deliberate choice to better balance near, mid and backgrounds parts of the scene. As we will soon see, near far can also be creatively done with a telephoto lens.

Touch of Autumn in Winter: 30mm, F14, 1/100S, ISO 100 Focus Stacked

A wide angle zoom definitely requires slowing down as one gets very close, often within inches from the foreground and finds a visual flow from the foreground to the mid-ground and background. I have been known to spend up to a couple hours in the field fine tuning my wide-angle compositions. When the camera is this close to the foreground, a couple of inches this way or that can dramatically alter the composition. One needs to study thoroughly the scene, especially the visually predominant foreground, to eliminate or reduce visual distractions. It is almost as if one has in the foreground an intimate or macro scene within the larger scene. The larger scene provides context to the image, but it is the foreground that will make or break the image. Getting this close, usually will also require focus stacking. If one focuses on a very close foreground the rest of the scene will not be in focus even at F-16. If one focuses one third into the scene, which is usually the mid-ground, then the foreground will not be in focus.

Morning Dew: 19mm, F16, 1/160, ISO 100-a focus stack and exposure blend

The near far approach can also be used very creatively using the telephoto perspective. Just as in wide angle compositions, the key is to find a natural and believable blend of the near, mid, and backgrounds. I have found that these compositions are the most challenging and from a technical perspective also the most difficult. But the rewards are immense opening the possibility to create something truly unique. I have found myself more and more creating near far compositions with both standard and telephoto lenses. This gets me out of my habitual way of viewing the world, which for me tends to be wide angle, opening up new avenues for my creative expression.

Middle Fork Bridge to the Spirit of the Shire: 70MM, F14, 1/2S, ISO 100, Focus Stack

Criticisms by many in the professional photography community of near far compositions in my opinion has done more to tarnish the reputation of landscape photography as a creative and artistic medium than it has served as a constructive criticism. If there is anything that has served to help put landscape photography on the creative map alongside the painting arts, it is the near far composition. That is because photography can uniquely create near-far compositions in a way that is difficult for painting artists. I have several painting artist friends who have confirmed that this is the case and also indicated to me that near far is what caused them to recognize and accept my work as art. We also see this in the history of landscape photographer with key figures such as Ansel Adams, David Muench, Marc Adamus, Erin Babnik and others using near far techniques to bring the unique possibilities of landscape photography to an audience who appreciates art. Let’s be more mindful about our criticisms of near-far, and also celebrate and give appropriate and well-deserved credit to this unique practice of photographic expression!

Feathered Friends

Day of the Eagle

Although I consider myself primarily a Landscape Photographer, recently I have also gone to the birds! I decided to give birding a try inspired by the images of a friend of mine Shaping. Leveraging off of my experience as a Landscape Photographer I usually place equal importance to the bird and the bird’s environment blending the two together in a compositionally pleasing way. I also pay close attention to light to focus attention on the bird and what the bird is doing in its environment. I am excited about this new direction in my photography and will be releasing more bird images in the days to come! Bird photography can serve as a good counter point to landscape photography. For bird photography one must be nimble and quick, hand holding most images. There is no time to think about camera settings so things like combinations of shutter speed, aperture and ISO must be mastered along with focus tracking to the point where they are natural and intuitive. All the focus needs to be on the bird which in most cases will flying be flying around or not staying still for very long. Contrast this to landscape photography where often it seems one has all the time in the world! Going to the birds has helped unlock some more of my creative potential for working with and paying attention to the precise moment and working quickly that has also yielded benefits for my landscape photography in highly fluid situations such as weather. To see my complete portfolio click here Feathered Friends.

Blue Heron and Turtle on the Log

Flock of Birds

People in the Landscape

Including people in the landscape is an excellent way of breaking through the landscape photographer’s habitual way of viewing the natural world. Afterall we humans are also part and partial of nature, and including a person or persons in the landscape is an excellent way of expressing the fluidity of this connection-I and we are in nature and nature is in I and we.

The Sun Goddess

In August, my friend Shaping joined me for a sunset hike to Mt Fremont. Although when we started hiking it was a bluebird kind of a day and also very hot, as we approached the top a breeze moving down from the glaciers of Mt. Rainier helped keep us cool and comfortable. Wispy clouds slowly filled the sky. The wildflowers were still in peak form and Shaping in her beautiful dress reminded me of a Sun Goddess as the sun slowly dipped below the horizon.

Although I called this image the Sun Goddess, Shaping also represents to me the spirit of a “Nature Goddess”. When she wears this flowing dress and reaches out from Fremont Mountain to the sun she is celebrating and honoring mother nature. Shaping feels the same way. A few people confronted me when I originally displayed the series of images that this image is a part of and accused me of chasing Instagram popularity. I can assure you that that was the last thing on my mind. For me the event was completely unplanned and just arose spontaneously out of the happenings on this wonderful day. Sometimes I think some are too quick to jump to conclusions about other photographer’s intentions. Their accusations may be more of a reflection of their own inner state of mind than anything else. To see my complete portfolio click her Honoring Nature: Women in the Landscape.

Women in Saris

From left to right, the women are Cindy, Chetna and Shaping posing so beautifully and elegantly even after a 5,000 foot elevation gain hike up Sourdough Mountain in the North Cascades!

Daughter Caroline

When my daughter returned home from UCSD for the Holidays one of the first things she asked to do was to go have some fun in the snow at Gold Creek Pond. We have had many Father Daughter snowshoe hikes here over the years, and the beauty of this Winter Wonderland is like a thread weaving together our two lives even as both of our worlds go through changes that are inevitable in life.

Into the Forest

Small Stream in a Hemlock Forest

When we walk through a forest, oftentimes we feel a sense of peace and calm with our close connection to the wonders and beauty of nature that surrounds us. We have difficulty, however, transferring to our images what we experienced in our minds eye through our flashes of perception. This difficulty, however, is precisely why photographing the forest can yield creative breakthroughs. There is no iconic scene or scarcely even somewhat obvious compositions to latch onto. We must let go of all preconceptions, take a journey within, to a world prior to any thoughts, to the hidden forest. This process has been described by many as creating order out of chaos, and this analogy does have some validity. But to capture the spirit of the forest we need to go deeper than this, beyond projecting our own conceptions of order onto the forest, to developing a more organic awareness and skill set to capture the very essence and heart of the forest. This process results in more impactful images that more closely match what we experienced in our flashes of perception and in our mind’s eye. Photographing the forest teaches us to be more aware of subtle changes in light and recognize compositions that will at first look very faint and more like clues to a mystery than anything obvious. These skills, once learned, will then travel with us we return to photograph the Grand Landscape which we will then do with much more sensitivity and awareness. To see my complete portfolio click here Deep Woods Enchanted Forest.

Red Berries in the Forest Moss

Young Tree in the Forest of Elders

Abstract Discoveries

Rock Tapestry

Shooting abstracts has become a very popular if not trendy in recent year. In posting abstracts, some hope to show to others that they can move beyond the Grand Landscape and explore basic forms, shapes, patterns and textures devoid of any larger environmental context. Sometimes I think it is done too mechanically as more of a mental exercise. Abstracts are no different than other genera, for them to rise to a level that one identifies as creative and artistic they will need to have personal emotional impact both to the creator of the image and to viewers. That is why it is so important that if one does choose abstracts as a way to distinguish oneself and open up new avenues of creative expression, that one also feels the passion and is shooting from the heart; not just to say, “hey look at me I can shoot abstracts”. Back in the day we used to call such images devoid of emotional content, ” Artsy Fartsy-LOL-images that pretend to be art through emulation but that are seldom accepted as the real thing. That being said, abstracts can give us the necessary spark to grow creatively. By eliminating the larger context of the image this reduces if not stops our habitual way of experiencing and interpreting the natural world. This can open up our hearts to see the world with fresh eyes, the eyes of the child.

Valentines Day

Intentional Camera Movement

Intentional Camera Movement is a technique that involves moving the camera either vertically, horizontally or in a swirling motion during a long exposure usually about a half of a second or more in order to create an effect.  Intentional Camera Movement can work great in the forest where a somewhat chaotic scene can be reduced down to the essence of lines, shapes, blotches of merged colors and tones, yielding an effect the many have told me is like an impressionistic watercolor. Although this technique involves a lot of trial and error, successful ICM still requires careful selection of a suitable scene, previsualization, and good composition skills. When done in this way, it is a great way to get some new inspiration for creative growth. It encourages us to see more deeply, the scene behind the scene, the bare essentials, and the visual essence.

A Walk in the Forest

These white bark alders were lit by the diffused light reflecting off the walls of the Middle Fork valley on a beautiful Autumn Day, perfect for a walk in the forest. For this image I handheld the camera and gently panned up and then back down during .6 second time period.

Variegated Yarn Water Threads (Horizontal)

While at Rosario Beach, I noticed some beautiful water highlights of gold, aqua, and green. While waiting for the seals to return from underwater, I started to play around with some intentional camera movement to feature and blend together the streaks of light and color in the moving water creating this image. This image works either horizontal or a vertical but with somewhat different effects. Next is the vertical image which has more of an abstract look but also with seemingly more defined yard threads even though the two images are actually identical except for orientation.

Variegated Yarn Water Threads (Vertical)

Black and White Visions

Dance with Fog and Light

Black and White photography can spur creativity precisely because it does not rely upon reality, our accustomed way of viewing the world. Color which binds us to reality can also serve as a distraction to seeing the creative possibilities of a scene. I see this all the time in sunset scenes where the photographer is so excited about capturing the magnificent color of the moment that he/she forgets to carefully compose the scene. Sure, such images will get immediate social media attention, but they seldom if ever have lasting impact soon to be overran by another photographer who captures the next sunset a day or two later. Black and White Photography removes what can be the distraction of color and helps the photographer to pay better attention to other aspects of the image such as the subject/s, visual flow, textures, shapes and patterns, and composition.

Tree Shadows on the Snow

Color is the real world we live in, but Black and White can transport us to a completely different often surreal world. Because of this we feel we have more license to be creative, not so worried that we are passing the threshold where the image is no longer rooted in reality. This allows us to consider our subject in new and exciting ways. For some, including myself, in certain situations the Black and White image may actually be far more emotive than the color image. Back to one of the central themes of this blog post, if an image is to rise to the level of greatness and art it needs to tap into the viewers emotions.

Light in the Forest

Snoqualmie River Foggy Morning

Lens Baby Unplugged-Soft Focus Images

Inner Glow

Lensbaby lenses create optically beautiful soft focus and glowing painterly effects with minimal processing. This encourages a more spontaneous and immediate approach to photography where the in-camera image is already in synch with my vision in the present moment. This is very welcome in this day and age where many images are the function of much technical planning and pre-visualization of post processing requirements. This latter approach is so far removed from one’s flashes of perception and immediate experience of the scene that often all spontaneity is lost. With a Lensbaby, I can approach nature and the landscape more with a beginner’s mind, in other words with the eyes of a child which I find very refreshing.

Oregon Grape Blossoms

Portfolio-Twin Peaks

On a Blue Winter Evening

A pond in the Snoqualmie Valley makes the gradual transition from evening to night as a snowplow working overtime turns on its lights hoping to complete the clearing of a nearby farm road. This is one of the images I recently brought together into a portfolio that together convey some of the mood of the Lynch/Frost show Twin Peaks that was filmed in this area-perhaps agent Cooper is hiding out somewhere around this pond! You can find the entire portfolio at this link Twin Peaks.

One of the best ways to tap into and also channel sources of creativity is to build a new portfolio around a theme. A portfolio will often be stronger than the sum of its parts. Many of us will also feel more emboldened to put images into the portfolio that we would feel reluctant to post as a standalone image because of fear it may not be well received. In a portfolio, however, other images will help lift it up and give the perhaps more creative image the attention it deserves, which is beyond the two second attention interval that one typically is given when viewers rapidly scroll through their social media feed. To be creative, one must more beyond fear of rejection, be willing to experiment, and put our best foot forward regardless how we feel the image may be received. Oftentimes I will do this and will be pleasantly surprised that the image that does the best in a portfolio is actually the one I thought would not get much notice. These are also the images with more lasting impact and that will also help establish you as a creative artist with his/her own identity, not just some formulaic image that one knows will appeal to your social media audience. In the long run it is only the truly creative images that will separate you from the crowd and allow you to rise to a level of artistry.

Snoqualmie Falls December Moods

Secrets of the Forest

Its a Small World Afterall: Macro and Small Area Images

Dangling Conversation

Do you ever get the feeling plants are talking to you, or perhaps even poking a little fun? These Jade Vines might also be channeling a bit of their inner Mick Jagger only with Jade colored lips!

I have always included macro images in my portfolios ever since I started shooting with film decades ago. In fact, it was the beauty of macro photography that helped motivate me to pursue photography as more of an art and craft decades ago. I am surprised; however, about how many landscape photographers do not want to venture into this arena. I know they love these kinds of images based on how they react to my own macros and those of others. This is a case of some well-known photographers allowing social media perceptions to get too much in the way of guiding what they shoot and what they do not shoot. That is because macro images do not usually garner the same level of popularity as the grand landscapes. But there are exceptions. The key is to have images that stir the emotions and evoke a mood. Including a few macros in a larger portfolio of primarily grand landscape images will almost always do nothing but to strengthen the portfolio as a whole. And delving into the world of smaller things will definitely open up worlds withing worlds igniting new sources of creativity!

Lilac Tears of Joy

Dance of the Calypso Orchids

Conclusion

We are all born with the capacity to be creative. Creativity, however, declines with age. Recultivating creativity, which is our birthright, involves unlearning reasons why we think we are not creative and getting back to more of a beginner’s mind, seeing the natural world once again through the curious eyes of the child. Although creativity is natural, it cannot be expressed without skill. In Photography as in any art form we must learn the skills needed to express our creativity. We must learn these skills so thoroughly that we do not need to think about them very much anymore, and instead focus on getting in our creative zone and moving toward our creative vision. Walks in nature, mindfulness, and meditation can help cultivate the beginner’s mind, as can also experimentation with other genera of photography. It is important, however, that we feel some passion while engaging in this experimentation. For photography to rise to the level where it is personally creative and artistic it needs to convey the photographer’s emotions and also instill an emotional response in others.

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Thanks so much for reading and viewing the images of this blog post. I encourage you to share your reactions, thoughts, comments, impressions on this post here. If you think others would enjoy reading this post, please also share it with your friends and communities. If you would like to see more content like this subscribe to the blog so you automatically receive future blog posts. To find out more about my workshops, apprenticeship, and coaching programs click here. To learn more upon my perspectives on nature be sure to check out my Ebook, the Hidden Landscape: The Inside Passage. This image rich book is 248 pages and provides insight how nature, mystery, the Tao, Zen, and the American Transcendentalism of Thoreau inform my photography and can provide sources for you own inspiration. Here is the link to the EBOOK along with a preview. https://payhip.com/b/FCI4z. Thanks again and happy trails!

The Stories We Tell Through Our Images–With or Without Words

Images have the power to immediately impact our mood and bring to our awareness an emotional reaction much more so than words can. Testimony to this are several common phrases in our language the we frequently hear.

“A picture is worth a thousand words”

“Images speak louder than words”

“No Words” (phrase uttered after seeing an inspiring image”

“No Words Necessary”

“A picture that needs no words”

“The Picture Speaks Volumes”

“Beyond Words”

“Silence is Golden”

There are of course others, but I think you get the picture!

Words alone, however, are also powerful and can impact our imaginations, thoughts and emotions in a way an image cannot. When there are just words and no visuals, we have no choice other than to use our imaginations to conjure up our own images of the scene based upon our reading of the authors skillful integration of words. Our words can also provide a bold affirmation of our innermost thoughts and emotions in a way that others will also be able to understand. It is unlikely that our innermost thoughts and emotions will flow directly from just viewing a photographic image and must be communicated through the use of words.

A mile at sea, Cake Rock, against the blue,

Lifts its seafowl sanctuary. Harsh squawks

Float from the monoliths. A few

High breakers begin their crest and churns,

As I watch the sun sinking toward sea stacks,

And the world turns.

Nelson Bentley from Iron Man of the Hoh 1979

Nelson Bentley was a Pacific Northwest Poet and also Poet Laureate at the University of Washington with whom I had the honor of taking a few evening, for credit, poetry workshops during my college days. Bentley was a champion of writing about his personal experience firmly anchored in the landscapes of the Pacific Northwest. At one of these workshops he said something that I remember to this day: “There’s no such thing as a cliché image — any more than there’s a cliché maple tree. You don’t walk by a maple tree and say “Oh God, there’s another maple tree!”” Although he was talking about the use of words to paint images, I believe the same thing applies to images themselves. It does not matter if the image is a cliché or not if you are able weave into the creation of the image in an expressive way your own personal experience. When this is done best, others will also be able to relate to your personal experience in a way that is meaningful to them. But as photographers and storytellers, how do we best do this, with words, no words, or some combination of the two?

UW Cheerful Cherry Blossom Morning
UW Cherry Blossom Morning Reflections

Stories

With Landscape and Nature images we tell several types of stories, sometimes using words but sometimes also using no words. For the purposes of explanation I will put these stories into the following categories: (1) the Journal Entry, (2) the Documentary, (3) the Metaphor, (4) the Message, (5) the Short Story, (6) Title Only, (7) No Words, (8) and the Evocation. Keep in mind, however, that these types of stories (with the exception of no words) can also be combined in the narrative. Nevertheless, one of these story types will usually stand out from all the rest.

The Journal Entry

The story we most often see in the narrative is the Journal Entry. The most basic journal entry is just a matter of fact descriptive story of where the shot was taken and some comments about the weather and light. Quite honestly this is what most of the time I see in image narratives. A more detailed journal entry may also discuss some of the photographic technique and thought process that went into creating the image. But just like in our private journals, a Journal Entry can also get into discussion of our emotional state at the time we took the image, and why this image has meaning to us. Some on social media even take it a step farther and make their journal entries something more like a confessional where they bear their innermost thoughts and secrets!

The Way of Hope The conditions along the Oregon Coast were starting to get us down with the gloomy overcast, wind and on and off again rain. Then we came across these rocks with layers of sea salt turned orange pointing out to the sea stacks and sun breaking through the gloom. There is hope in just about any situation and in photography there is no such thing as bad light. One just needs to rise to the occasion!

The Documentary

The Documentary, in the sense I am using it for this discussion, is a primarily factual description of either the natural history of the geographical area and or a history that also includes human involvement in the landscape. Some documentaries may also involve a discussion of how the environment is changing, either through natural causes or due human causes and possibly what we can do to reduce threats to the environment.

Walking Into A Dream
This image was taken in early August att Indian Henry’s Hunting Ground, Mount Rainier National Park. This cabin is in as beautiful setting as I could ever imagine and is like walking into a dream. Indian Henry, known as Soo-Too-Lick, early on (1883) guided several familiar names to Mt. Rainier including the Hunting Grounds. These familiar names include James Longmire Philemon Beecher Van Trump and John Muir. Indian Henry was a Cowlitz Indian, beloved by many people.

The Metaphor

The metaphor uses words to imply something that is not literally in the image in order to suggest a resemblance such as “Nature’s Church.” In the case of images the metaphor usually relies on objects in the image that have symbolic value to suggest the resemblance-for example rainbows and hope. Although the metaphor may be implied in the image itself, it is usually more of a conceptual creation that requires the author to establish the symbolic resemblance through the skillful use of words in the narrative.

Mt. Baker has Rising Above the Clouds.
The moment when something changes after a long day in the clouds, Mt. Baker has risen.
The mountain was still lost in the clouds, which to me felt a lot like soul searching
and a process of self discovery. I know the mountain is out there and will eventually emerge
from the fog, clouds and mist. Just as I know my authentic self, the essence
who I am, has always been there just waiting to be rediscovered. When the
mountain comes into view, this validates the process of self discovery. The
image and story here is something others can relate to, share in the vision, and
participate in the metaphor of self discover
y.
Middle Fork Bridge to the Spirit of the Shire
This has to be my favorite hiking suspension bridge and I return here often to visit this beautiful, lush forest and the wild Middle Fork of the Snoqualmie River, both which remind me of Tolkien’s world and the spirit of the Shire.

The Message

The Message, as I am using the term here, uses the image as an avenue to inspire others or as a call to action. The image may not relate directly to the inspirational message or the call to action, but it does help bring forward even ignite an emotional response that gests associated with the message through the skillful use of words. We see this often with the use of quotations from famous authors, but the resourceful photographer can craft his/her own words to accomplish the same result.

Let the Light Always Be With You
In the early morning at Cape Disappointment the sun finds an opening in the clouds to fill the entire atmosphere with wonderful angelic light. Every day in life is such a blessing and it is in moments like this I remind myself to live each day to the fullest. Every day is a new beginning. Who knows what is around the corner. Plan for tomorrow, but always live for today as if it were the last and welcome the light of dawn!

The Short Story

The short story (or in the case of images some might even call this a mini story!) goes way beyond what we typically see in an image narrative and includes a story usually in the form of a linier narrative centered around a sequence of events. Although short, the story will include key elements of any story–a setting, a protagonist, plot, dramatic conflict or tension, and resolution. Telling such a story coupled with an image can go a long way toward elevating a viewer’s reaction to the image beyond what would have been possible with just a simple narrative or no words at all. But the risk here is that the story itself will be primarily what holds our attention, with the image just being what initially grabs our attention. This is why if you choose to tell a short story that it is important to couple it with a compelling image that invites us to look deeper, and that could easily stand on its own with or without a narrative. Then the image and story, coupled together, will be far greater than the sum of the two constituent parts.

Hot August Meadow in the Goat Rocks
In the middle of a hot August, I started my long loop trip hike into the Goat Rocks at sunrise and did not finish until well after sunset. I suppose I could have finished sooner, but what is the hurry? In the evening I passed through this happy meadow just below a ridge top and decided just to hang out and enjoy nature at her finest for an hour or so. For the hike down from the ridge to the car, I eventually had to use a headlamp to help guide my way. In order to not surprise animals I played Neil Young music through my JBL speaker attached to my belt. No sooner than I set up the headlamp and music, I peered out onto the trail about 50 feet ahead and saw two narrowly spaced bright glowing eyes staring at me. At first I thought it was a person because the eyes were fairly high off the ground. Then I saw like a shadow a big and long bushy tail. It could have been a wild dog or cat, I do not really know for sure. The animal would not move so I turned up the music a bit more, now Neil Young’s Natural Beauty Song. The animal then slowly with grace, almost like our family cat Precious, started moving up the rock talus and perched onto a flat rock like a silhouette and sat down like a royal cat still looking at me with those glowing eyes. Amazingly calm, I proceeded back out onto the trail but it later occurred to me that if this was a cat it may have just positioned itself in a prance position. Nevertheless it was all ok and good—Perhaps thanks to some mellow Neil Young music!

Just a Title or No Words

In the early days of photography most images were presented without the use of words with the possible exception of the title. Although the title might give the viewer some information about the image such as location or time of day, the image itself tells the story or touches people in such a way that they can tell their own story in a way that speaks to them individually. I do acknowledge that a well chosen title can give the viewer a meaningful clue of how to interpret the image and this is why some purists do not use even a title and opt for no words. Some nature and landscape images may tell a story relatively easily, such as a transition from one season to another; or a river that meets the sea. But most will need to have sufficient emotional impact to stir the viewers subconscious and imagination in such a way that it invites them to go deeper into the image and tell their own story.

Although I titled this image “Express Yourself”, this is an example of an image that tells its own story, and the story is not dependent on a title or narrative.

At least one third of the time I do not include a narrative at all with my images other than a title for identification purposes. On my Instagram stories, I often even abandon the title. The reason I do this is a conscious choice. I believe that a particular image is sufficiently strong that it will immediately cause an emotional reaction in the viewer. The viewer will connect with the image and tell their own stories as evidenced by detailed social media comments that resemble a narrative. Anything I say in my own narrative will likely just get in the way of this spontaneous story telling.

One of the ways of displaying images without words that I like best is a slide show synched to just instrumental music. Although the music complements the mood of the show, most of the emphasis is on the images, their sequencing, and transitions for image to image. The images collectively work together to tell the story in such a way that is far greater than the sum of the individual images. Here is a recent slide show I put together, the Rhythm and Moods of the Pacific Northwest, with my daughter Caroline playing the piano. One can do something similar in a portfolio of images, putting the emphasis on the images rather than the narrative to tell the story-a much more challenging task than combining the images with a narrative because the story needs to develop from just the images themselves.

North Cascades Autumn Magic
Orange Rays and Tulips at Sunset

The Evocation

The evocation recognizes no words can describe the wonder and beauty of nature. The image itself is actually the best expression of the wonders and beauty of nature. But if we want to also use words to complement the image, the best a person can do is to use evocative rather than literal language. Literal language seeks to fully describe the mystery of nature often in scientific terms but always somehow falls short. Evocative words as described by the Zen poet Ryokan are like a “Finger Pointing at the Moon”. Symbolically the finger represents the words and the moon nature or reality. The finger only points at the moon, it is not the moon itself. Words only give us an expression of the wonders and mystery of nature, and are not to be confused with nature itself. The evocation usually uses more poetic language to express to the reader a sense of what he or she experienced in the process of creating an image. Words will be carefully chosen for their sound with extensive use of alliteration and consonance (repetition of sounds), rhythm and perhaps even rhyme. Words chosen for the narrative will often be metaphors in their own right such as “Foxglove” and “Avalanche Lilies”.  Where sound is implied in the image, the writer will use Onomatopoeia– words that, through their sound and well as their sense, echo and mirror the sounds implied in the image. Frequently but not always, such words are natural sounds.  Beez buz, cows moo, birds chirp. The narrative will be rich imagery, symbols and descriptions of feelings that do not just literally describe the photography but complement it so that the photography and narrative together take us beyond the literal and allow us to better appreciate the mystery of nature. For more on the mystery of nature, see my blog post Mystery: The Holy Grail of Nature Photography.

There are moments when my soul is a mirror to everything around me. Forms, shapes and patterns bathed in light rise out of the dark void and return again in an endless cycle. In such moments I feel I am the mountains, the sea, the setting sun, and the tree spread out over the bay. There is no me, mountains, sea, setting sun, or tree spread out over the bay–Satori.

Contemplative Photography and No Words

It seems to be in vogue right now within the professional landscape photography community to insist that all images need a narrative. This is in part a reaction to their tiring of images on social media whose primary purpose is to grab our attention immediately in order to garner likes. I understand this frustration, but this kind of skepticism goes too far when applied to all images with no narrative. The Contemplative Photography Movement which is known for images that are not immediately attention grabbers offers a case for using no words, not even in the title. Lets review some of the key precepts of the Contemplative Photography Movement.

One of the primary precepts of Contemplative Photography is that our thoughts and words are like filters that alter reality. In order to connect more directly with what we are seeing we need to quiet the mind. This is done through a more mediative approach to photography. In this regard a precursor to the contemplative approach is slowing down, spending time in nature, and developing an unfiltered awareness of ourselves, nature, and the landscape. Words themselves are considered a filter. Once I name and label something with words, I am already picking out something in my surroundings and in effect objectifying it, giving it special importance. But this very process interferes with my ability to connect with all of my surroundings and downplays interrelationships. Many of you are likely saying by now, but is not this what we do in photography-identify a subject and separate it from the background? Contemplative photography definitely will identify a subject in the image, but the process for doing this will be quite different, one that preserves a more fluid relationship and interconnection between myself, the subject and my surroundings.

Andy Karr and Michael Wood offer a description of the contemplative process in their book “The Practice of Contemplative Photography (1). The contemplative process involves three stages of creativity as they apply to a photograph:
  • Connecting with a Flash of Perception
  • Visual Discernment
  • Forming an equivalent to what we have seen

Flash of Perception

A flash of perception comes in the gaps in the flow of our mental activity. Mental activity is often characterized by sticky attachments to our conceptual thoughts that surround what we are feeling at any given moment. Through time in nature, slowing down, meditation, and mindfulness these conceptual thoughts loose some of their grip. Then when one of these gaps in our mental activity occurs we are more ready for a flash of perception. This is also the stage where the dialogue begins with our unconscious self and we become more aware not only of our surroundings but also our inner selves. A flash of perception is not an intentional activity, one cannot plan for it, and is a bit like seeing something out of the corner of ones eye. Most people with miss this flash of perception, and only those who are ready for it will recognize the flash, those with a open mind and heart.

The state of mind of the photographer while creating is a blank… But it is a very active state of mind really, a very receptive state of mind, ready at an instant to grasp an image, yet with no image pre-formed in it at any time.

Minor White
Rock Tapestry

Visual Discernment

Visual Discernment involves staying with the contemplative state of mind after the initial flash of perception. Here we rest with our perception and allow the basic qualities of form, light, patterns, tones and textures to be recognized through our intuitive non-conceptual intelligence and the feelings we are experiencing. Visual discernment slows us down even more and gives us some space that allows our photographic vision to emerge.

Misty Mountain Forest

Forming a Visual Equivalent

Forming an Equivalent involves forming an equivalent of your perception, taking and processing the image. The image will be the equivalent of your perception and it should be obvious it will not be the same thing as this is impossible. The Contemplative Photography approach as it was originally envisioned involves a more representational style, but the resulting image is not so much a documentation of our experience as a creative expression of our experience, especially our inner experience. This is what makes the resulting image unique and always creative.

My Approach

Although some who practice contemplative photography do not title their images or use a narrative, this is not the approach I adopt 100% of the time. Helmut Mohelsky in his book Seeing With Your Own Eyes, offers a defense for not using titles or a narrative.

“To leave one’s images untitled is consistent with the contemplative approach to photography. A clear vision leads to images that are self-explanatory. Generally speaking photographers give a title to their work when they identify with the particular subject. The titles are the result of a mind that reflects, associates and interprets what it sees. In contemplative photography, we are engaged in a very different process. We do not base it on identification with a particular subject, idea, or emotion. We don’t prepare for the content of a flash of perception, nor do we base it on an idea, nor do we pre-visualize or imagine it. While the clarity of the flash lasts, our mind is not reflecting. It is unobstructed. ” (2)

My approach is more flexible depending upon the image and what needs to be communicated. If the image is my equivalent of a flash of perception, I may opt for no words. But there are times words are absolutely necessary. If I am using an image to provide background on an environmental threat to landscape I will need to use words. If I am using a image to inform people of actions they need to take to protect a threatened environment, I will need to use words. If my intention is to establish a metaphorical connection between objects in the image and a idea, I will also need to use words. If I feel the sequence of events leading up to taking an image are a part of a personal story that would entertain others, I will let the drama unfold in a short story. But if I am using an image to express my connection to the wonders and mystery of nature, I may opt to use no words. Or I may use more evocative and poetic language that like “a Finger Pointing at the Moon” helps the viewer to connect, participate in, and live for themselves my personal vision. The use of evocative language coupled with the image ultimately creates visual poetry and for me this is my preferred approach to writing a narrative.

The Trail to the Pacific Northwest

Copyright 2022 Erwin Buske Photography

References and Additional Reading

(1) Andy Karr and Michael Wood, The Practice of Contemplative Photography, Seeing the World with Fresh Eyes, 2011

(2) Helmut Mohelsky, Seeing with Your Own Eyes, 2019

(3) Erin Babnik, How Landscape Photographs Tell Stories , 2015

(4) Erwin Buske, The Hidden Landscape, 2021


Thanks so much for reading and viewing the images of this blog post. I encourage you to share your reactions, thoughts, comments, impressions on this post here. If you think others would enjoy reading this post please also share it with your friends and communities. If you would like to see more content like this subscribe to the blog so you automatically receive future blog posts. To learn more upon my perspectives on nature be sure to check out my Ebook, the Hidden Landscape: The Inside Passage. This image rich book is 248 pages and provides insight how nature, mystery, the Tao, Zen, and the American Transcendentalism of Thoreau inform my photography and can provide sources for you own inspiration. Here is the link to the EBOOK along with a preview. https://payhip.com/b/FCI4z. Thanks again and happy trails!

Mystery: The Holy Grail of Nature Photography

Freedom

“We need the tonic of wildness…At the same time that we are earnest to explore and learn all things, we require that all things be mysterious and unexplorable, that land and sea be indefinitely wild, unsurveyed and unfathomed by us because unfathomable. We can never have enough of nature.”
― Henry David Thoreau, Walden

The mystery of nature has inspired poets, artists, and song writers from the beginning of recorded time. But the mystery of nature often moves in ways that go beyond our common understanding of mystery. Much of our conventional understanding of mystery starts with the notion that if we could just find out more about the mystery, more information and more clues, we will eventually solve the mystery. But the mystery of nature ultimately cannot be solved.

I wish I was an island in the Fog

With nature we are not just talking about figuring out what lies just beyond the edge of the frame, even though that may help convey a sense of mystery in a landscape photograph. With nature we are also not just talking about concealing important details in darkness and shadows, even though that might also contribute to the sense of mystery in a landscape photograph. With nature, we stand in awe of its mystery in both the light of day and darkness of night. To those who welcome the message of nature, they sense her mysteries throughout the day and in all environments and places, in the brightest highlights and the deepest shadows and everything in-between. We welcome the mystery of nature both where nature reaches the pinnacle of beauty and in her more widespread and typical humble abodes.

Early Spring Snowdrop

What is Mystery?

The poets likely come closest to describing at least verbally the mystery of nature through their use of evocative language. One passage that immediately comes to my mind is this one from Dylan Thomas’s Fern Hill:

“The force that through the green fuse drives the flower” Dylan Thomas, Fern Hill.

Dylan Thomas’s words in Fern Hill are full of feeling and rich symbolism to describe the mysterious forces associated with new growth and energy of spring which brings to us an appreciation of the mystery of nature. It is impossible to rationally describe what the mystery of nature means in a manner that gives justice to the wonder and awe one feels in the midst of the mystery of nature. For the writer, this is why the use of evocative language is so important, and in the visual space this is also why it is so important for the photographer in pursuit of the art and craft of photography to bring to the viewer an ability to sense the mystery nature.

Twin Falls in the Mist

A standard dictionary definition of mystery goes something like this:

” Anything that is kept secret or remains unexplained or unknown”.

But are the mysteries of nature really secret or unknown? Some scenes certainly convey the feeling in the physical sense of something secret and unknown, for example in the above image I titled Twin Falls in the Mist. But when we utter the words “I am in awe of the mysteries and wonder of nature” are we just taking about certain manifestations of nature, lets say dark and foggy scenes punctuated with light? I think not. We are talking about a sense of mystery that pervades all of nature. It may be impossible to describe through rational means or represent through an unedited raw image the mystery of nature, but we all have the capacity to directly experience the mystery of nature. We all also have at least the potential to share this experience through evocative writing and through the art and craft of evocative photography. Evocative photography moves us beyond the visual representation of the scene and evokes emotions, feelings and moods that are associated with the experience of the mystery of nature.

Access to the Mysteries of Nature through Direct Experience

In the current debate over how much is enough in processing images, several photographers who I know and respect maintain that their goal in nature and landscape photography is to create images that are true to their experience of the scene. I find this interesting because in this same discussion many of these photographers maintain there is a close linkage between their “experience of the scene” and “what was really there.” When I look at the work of these photographers, especially images of places I am very familiar with, I notice there is actually quite a gap between their “experience of the scene” and “what was really there.” Sure these photographers shy away from more aggressive manipulations of the image, but nevertheless the images are heavily edited with shifts of hue and saturation, and alterations of highlights, shadows, brightness and tonality to help direct the the viewers attention to parts of the image, along with removal or deemphasis of distractions, etc. Now this actually does not bother me in the slightest, because it is as it should be. We edit images to bring to the viewer something that can transcend a purely accurate journalistic documentation of the scene. We introduce mystery.

A purely accurate representation of the scene will rarely evoke the sense of mystery we experienced in the field . This is because our highly individualized perception impacts how we experience mystery in ways that simply cannot be recorded by our highly accurate camera sensors. Our emotional state at the time and who we are as individuals both shape our perception of reality resulting in our “experience of the scene”. This does not mean that mystery is not inherent in a purely accurate rendering of the scene, but it does acknowledge that this mystery is significantly transformed through the mechanisms of human perception. The experience of the scene to me has everything to do with expressing some of the mystery of nature that I felt at the time of capture. For more on human perception and photography I recommend the book: Perception and Imaging by John Suler and Richard D. Zakia (1).

Daffodils under the Tree of Golden Spring
Daffodils are some of the first flowers to bloom in the Spring and their arrival stirs in me a sense of wonder and mystery of the every returning cycles of the seasons.

Elements of Mystery

In the sections that follow I will discuss some steps we can take as photographers to bring to our images and the viewer the sense of mystery we felt during our our experience of the scene. These steps will help lead the viewer closer to the mystery of nature, in other words evoke moods and emotions that we felt in nature’s presence. But the results of applying these steps should not be equated with an exact visual representation of the mystery. After all, if that were the case, then the image would no longer be a mystery! Think of these steps as a tool set from which we can select to help lead the viewer to a greater appreciation of the wonders and mystery of nature. Here are the steps I will discuss.

  • Wonder
  • Imagination
  • Shadow and Light
  • Atmosphere
  • Motion and Blur
  • Bokeh
  • Subtraction
  • Seasonal Transitions
  • Use of Metaphors
  • Transcendence

Wonder

“If you really want to know what Middle-earth is based on, it’s my wonder and delight in the earth as it is, particularly the natural earth.” J.R.R. Tolkien

In the review of the elements of mystery I am putting wonder in the first position. A sense of wonder is the common denominator of all of nature and the starting point for mystery. There are many factors that contribute to the feeling of wonder: nature in seasonal transitions, changing light and weather, patterns, colors and shapes. As photographers we want to feature elements that help instill in the viewer the same sense of wonder that we experienced at the scene. In the above images I feature a lone leaf, flower, or tree as elements that bring a sense of wonder. The first image is titled Aqua Leaf. How did this single almost tropical leaf rise from the water in front of this waterfall at Mt. Rainier? Nature knows the answer. The second image is a lone Trillium in the Forest. How did such a beautiful flower establish itself in such a shady environment devoid of lower story life other than moss and ferns? Nature know the answer. The third image is titled Lone Larch. It is not common to see a lone larch in the open meadow as larches are a communal tree. One wonders how this tree established itself in this meadow when no others were able to do so? Nature knows the answer. All of nature is filled with wonder. Find the element or elements that bring to you a sense of wonder to be featured in your image and you will also communicate mystery.

Imagination

Spider Man

When I’m ready to make a photograph… I quite obviously see in my mind’s eye something that is not literally there… I’m interested in something which is built up from within, rather than just extracted from without.” Ansel Adams

Through the imaginative use of perspective and angles the photographer can bring to the image some of the mystery of nature that might otherwise go unnoticed. The above image I titled “Spider Man” because the branch extending from the lower right appears to be reaching out in several directions in a manner that looks both human and spider like. With the wide angle lens I used, this perspective would have been lost if I stood further back and attempted to capture the entire tree. Imagination and composition are often closely related. The composition approach can magically transform a scene which stirs the imagination to marvel at the mysteries of nature. In the image below titled “Spirit Angels in the Forest”, this view would not at all be apparent looking out from the top of Tiger Mountain where I took the image. A long 500 telephoto lens allowed me to isolate a small portion of the forest emerging out of the clouds at the transition point of the cool light of dawn and the warm light of the rising sun. Diagonal layers of clouds and forest lift the eyes up and out to the light spreading inwards from the upper right portion of the image. For more on the Imagination see my blog post: Forest in the Mist: Windows into the Active Imagination.

Spirit Angels in the Forest

Shadow and Light

Revelations

Everything that we see is a shadow cast by that which we do not see.”  Martin Luther King

The large sensors on our modern cameras often allow us to open up our shadows to a degree that we can see all details in even the deepest shadows of the image. But in doing so we may be unwittingly also removing the chance for mystery. Mystery often demands some areas be kept dark. Highlights only stand out and draw our attention when there are contrasting shadows. But just as a good mystery novel offers the reader some clues, the darker areas of our image should not be devoid of all clues. We should still be able to see some subtle texture and detail, however dim, in some of the shadowy areas-this will help build a little suspense and tension into our images that will keep the viewer interested. The one exception to this would be in high contrast usually black and white images where we are concentrating on the form of the subject.

Snoqualmie Falls December Moods

Letting shadows be shadows helps preserve the mystery of the scene where there are strong and contrasting highlights and shadows in the original scene. This is especially true for backlit landscapes and seascapes when looking right into the rising or setting sum. I however do not advocate exposing for the highlights and letting the shadow go pure black. This made sense in the film days because with a high dynamic range scene, the photographer could either expose properly for the highlights or shadows, but not both. With digital photography it is possible to capture the entire dynamic range of the scene in a natural and believable way without overplaying the deepness of the shadows or the brilliance of highlights.

Shadows almost always look best when they kept looking somewhat airy and natural with some areas remaining almost but not entirely opaque. With natural shadows some detail will be evident in at least some of the shadowy areas, but this detail will be dim and only barely visible. Aggressive exaggeration of the difference between shadows and highlights almost always looks overdone and preserving the sense of mystery will require a more subtle treatment. Proper treatment of shadows and highlights represents a fine line that is easy to cross and is one of the biggest challenges in photo processing even today. Few of us, including myself, get this right 100% of the time, but effectively conveying a sense of mystery in our images demands that we do the best job possible.

Atmosphere

Twin Peaks

“To me dreams are part of nature, which harbors no intention to deceive but expresses something as best it can.” –Carl Jung

Images with atmosphere especially with fog, mist, low clouds, haze, sand, and rain can all evoke a sense of dream like mystery. What all of these atmospheric conditions have in common are particles in the air interacting with sources of light. This awakens our feelings and emotions to cultivate the sense mystery. Particles in the air soften the scene, and with the interaction of light this helps direct our attention to essential forms while hiding others which deepens the mood.

Morning Fog

It would be a mistake however to reduce our reaction to the scene’s atmosphere to just feelings and emotions. The mystery also points to something beyond even what we are feeling at the time, to a sense of wonder at the experience of being in nature. With the softer rendering of the scene made possible through atmosphere, the scene can often seem dream like and a little other worldly. In post processing, contrast must be carefully and selectively controlled to preserve this dream like mood. We may need to actually lower contrast in some areas to capture the mood and only strengthen the contrast in selective areas where we want to attract some added attention.

Young Tree in the Forest

Motion and Blur

Dream Time Stepping Stones

“The job of the artist is always to deepen the mystery” – Francis Bacon

When it comes to still imagery photography there is no illustrative way to capture motion that is truly realistic. When taking still images we have a couple of choices, we can either arrest motion or blur motion. Both of these are departures from reality, but therein also lies their strength and ability to tease the viewer with mystery and stir the imagination. Just as the use of shadows and particles in the atmosphere have the ability to hide details, simplify compositions and focus our attention on forms, patterns and or the primary subject, blurring motion can do the same. This is evident in the image above titled “Dream Time Stepping Stones”. The blur smooths out the movement of the ocean and focuses attention to the seaweed covered rocks leading out into the vast ocean under a cloud filled horizon just after sunset.

The effect of blurring motion is often all the more mysterious when the effect is subtle and perhaps not even detectable. Such an image can leave the viewer with a sense of mystery even if the viewer does not fully understand why the image is mysterious. When it comes to mystery incomplete understanding is a good thing and helps deepen the mystery and light up the imagination.

Secrets of the Forest

In the above image “Secrets of the Forest” I took several images in the early morning light at different slower shutter speeds and blended the images together accentuating the impression of cloud movement and subtly altering the shape of the cloud forms. This blending of several images with blurred movement was an important factor creating the sense of mystery in this image.

Flock of Birds

Creating a sense of mystery of course is not limited to blurring motion. A sense of mystery can also make itself apparent through arresting or freezing motion. This is evident in the above image “Flock of Birds” where one of the layers in the image are birds flying in from the right side of the church and heading out to the west into the Skagit Valley. The church, birds and Mt. Baker all catch the side lighting of the setting sun. A large flock of birds flying in a narrow directional pattern almost always seems somewhat mysterious, and the juxtaposition of the church, village and a partially visible Mt. Baker under the clouds deepens the mystery.

Bokeh

Jade Vines

“Every Aspect of Nature reveals a deep mystery and touches our sense of wonder and awe.” Carl Sagan

In some ways Bokeh is similar to the effects of motion blur, fog, haze and other atmospheric conditions. In all of these details are softened and sometimes darkened, often to the point where they are barely visible or even hidden. Bokeh, however, is somewhat unique in that it is created optically through the use of a lens and a wide open aperture to transition between areas of the image that are in focus and out of focus. I say transition because the hallmark of good bokeh is a smooth and almost undetectable transition between in focus and out of focus areas.

Bokeh can contribute to the sense of mystery in many ways. When the bokeh is darker than the main subject of the image we sense the presence of something emerging out of near darkness or the void. There may be hints at what lies beyond, but these hints are only vague and somewhat ambiguous. Blurry elements, some suggesting movement, challenge the viewer to figure out what these blurry elements might be. How might these blurry elements also shape the viewers attitude about the element/s that are in focus?

In the above image Jade Vines, we see blue green mouth like forms with spiked tongues emerging out of opaque dark bokeh patterns. Would the effect be the same if details in the background were clear-absolutely not. In the next image the use of bokeh effects our perception of the in focus areas to the point where these subjects are no longer recognizable and become almost abstractions. These are actually tiny autumn colored red leaves of a plant that grows on mountain boulders, but most people have indicated to me that they look like flowers. This is a good example of how the use of bokeh can alter our perception of reality and in doing so deepen the mystery of our experience in nature.

Its a Small World After-all

Subtraction

Oregon Coast Moon Set

Nature conceals her mystery by her essential grandeur.” Albert Einstein.

Subtraction is strongly related to both improving the composition and deepening the mystery. Subtraction is the notion that less is better, and there is a beauty and elegance in removing as many elements from the scene as possible. In photography, the world as it presents itself to us is often cluttered with extraneous detail. But the skilled eye using a good choice of lens and angle of view can always simplify the scene to primarily include those elements which are integral to the composition and deepening the mystery. This does not necessarily mean always using a longer focal length lens with a narrower field of view, as that would be an over simplification of the process. But it does mean a keen awareness of what attracts you to the scene and the skills to arrange as few elements as possible in a pleasing composition. What is left out strengtheners the mystery for the elements that still remain. With mystery there is almost always something concealed and held back.

Indian Paintbrush: Quiet Morning Mist
Although I used a moderate wide angle lens for this image, there are few elements other than the paint brush, a few trees and fog in the image.

There are varying degrees of subtraction, from a moderate tightening of elements and tones in the scene as in the two images above, Mystery at the Seashore and Quiet Morning Mist, to a major emphasis of just the subject and its form silhouetted in black and white, as in the image below titled: Tree Dances with Fog and Light.

Tree Dances with Fog and Light

Abstraction takes the process of subtraction to an extreme degree and can often result in images with a heightened sense of mystery, especially those images where we are in awe and wonder at the beauty of the small intimate details of nature. But some would argue that for a true abstract photo we need to have no idea whatsoever of what the larger scene from which the abstraction was derived represents. Although still possible, such images are less likely to be mysterious. With mystery some but not all clues lie hidden. It is the subtle interplay between the two that deepens the mystery.

Rock Tapestry

Using the principles of subtraction, ones composition approach itself can imaginatively transform the scene to bring into view the mysteries of nature. An example of this is the image above titled Rock Tapestry. Walking through a slot canyon I noticed some most interesting patterns over a small section of the canyon wall. It was, however, not until I got very close and studied even smaller sections of the wall did I find the strong diagonals, the X shape and patterns featured in this image. In the next image I found some beautiful Monetesque reflections on an Autumn day at a slow moving portion of the Wenatchee River. Through isolation and careful choice of area selection I was able to capture these mysterious almost brushstroke like patterns of the river’s slow moving waters.

Tumwater Reflections

Seasonal Transitions

“April is the cruelest month, breeding
lilacs out of the dead land, mixing
memory and desire, stirring
dull roots with spring rain.” T.S. Elliot

The seasons are filled with mystery and symbolic meaning and often the natural world mirrors our own emotional states. With Spring there is rebirth and the sense of excitement of having one more life to live. With Summer there is a sense of comfort and maturity in having arrived at the prime of our life. With Autumn there is a sense of warmth, change and letting go. Winter is a time of reflection and detachment with the realization things have come to and end. But there is also a beauty in the silence and quiet of Winter, knowing that the seasonal cycle will repeat itself as long as the world turns. But as mysterious as the seasons are in and of themselves, the mystery is all the more deepened during the time of seasonal transitions. With seasonal changes there is a movement from one state of life to another, part of what was will now be hidden, and part of what will be has not yet come into to view. As in our previous examples throughout this article, when something remains hidden and unknown, the mystery deepens. But the mystery also comes from what is in view, as we stand in awe and wonder of the new season beginning to unfold. It is the interplay between what we see and do not see that creates the ultimate mystery of seasonal transitions.

Daffodils under the Tree of Spring’s Golden Light
In this field the Daffodils have just begun to open and the bare tree in the distance provides evidence that some of the spirit of Winter is still present.
From Ashes to Nature’s Majesty
The wildflowers at Mt. St. Helens are at peak bloom at the transition from Spring to Summer. This area is somewhat dry and as can be seen in the image the foliage of the flowers is already starting to dry out and turn to the mellow yellow-green of summer.
Autumn Passage
Peak fall color is of course beautiful, but what I find even more interesting are seasonal transitions. Seasonal transitions often make us more aware of changes in our own lives and consciousness. The passage this year from Summer to Fall has during this particular year was more beautiful than I can recall in previous years.

Early Winter Magic
There is a short window of time between when the first snow falls in the cascades and the pond freezes when there are still beautiful reflections on Gold Creek Pond.

Use of Visual Metaphors

In Landscape and Nature Photography visual metaphors are powerful means of communication because they raise the possibility of a shared vision. This shared vision moves beyond a visual message that is purely personal and finds a path that touches upon common experiences of all of humanity while in nature. Because visual metaphors invite participation through a shared vision, we often hear responses to such images like “I feel I am right there with you”. As a longtime landscape and nature photographer I can tell you that there is no greater source of inspiration and fulfillment for both the photographer and the viewer when someone feels they are right there with you, participating in your image at both a mental and emotional level.

The best way to demonstrate the concept of a visual metaphor is to provide a couple of examples.

Walking into a Dream

The above image, Walking into a Dream, was taken at Indian Henry’s Hunting Ground, Mount Rainier National Park. This cabin is in as beautiful setting as I could ever imagine and is like walking into a dream. In this dream I am finding my way back to where I truly feel I am more at home, in Nature and the Wilderness. This is a common dream shared by many as was evidenced by the thousands of reactions I received from this image. Indian Henry, known as Soo-Too-Lick, early on (1883) guided several familiar names to Mt. Rainier including the Hunting Grounds, these familiar names include James Longmire Philemon Beecher Van Trump and John Muir. Indian Henry was a Cowlitz Indian, beloved by many people. For more on the metaphor of finding our home in nature see my blog post: Journey to your own Walden Pond: Thoreau’s Legacy and Message to a Modern World.

Mt. Baker Rising above the Cluds
The moment when something changes after a long day in the clouds and fog, Mount Baker has risen.

Not until we are lost do we understand ourselves.–Henry David Thoreau

Looking into a scene like the image above just before the image was taken, when the mountain was still lost in the clouds, to me is like soul searching and the process of self discovery. I know the mountain is out there and will eventually emerge from the fog, clouds and mist. Just as I know my authentic self, the essence who I am, has always been there just waiting to be rediscovered. When the mountain comes into view, this validates the process of self discovery. The image and story is something others can relate to, share in the vision, and participate in the metaphor of self discovery. For more on the authentic self and self discovery see my blog post: Finding your Vision and the Search for the Authentic Self.

Transcendence

“The possession of knowledge does not kill the sense of wonder and mystery. There is always more mystery.”
― Anais Nin

The use of visual metaphors and the creation of a shared vision moves the photographer beyond the confines of his/her individual self and provides a glimpse of our larger self that is common to all of humanity. Although individually felt emotions and our own personality type help guide the creation of the transcendent vision, the transcendent reaches even beyond feelings and emotions toward something mysterious, inexplicable, evading any attempt to articulate what exactly the mystery is. Nevertheless we experience the mystery as real and the mystery is nature itself. This is no lofty woolly eyed vision, but is anchored firmly to the ground.

To see a World in a Grain of Sand
And a Heaven in a Wild Flower,
Hold Infinity in the palm of your hand
And Eternity in an hour.
William Blake

Some may refer to transcendence as pointing to the spiritual realm and for me at least it does just that, but no faith, creed or religion is required to sense its presence. One could be a spiritual person or a non believer and still sense its presence. It is the “force that guides through a green fuse a flower,” and it is what causes us “to see a world in a grain of sand”, it is nature itself.

Erwin Buske Photography, Copyright 2020

Mt. Rainier National Park: Where the Angels Roam

Thanks for reading this blog post. For more on the subject of Transcendence see my blog post: Transcendental Nature Photography and Creating images with Lasting Impact. I invite everyone to share with me their reactions to this blog post on Mystery. I would love to hear your comments, thoughts, and point of view. If you like the kind of content I am creating on this blog please let me know and consider subscribing to blog. Thanks again and may the mysteries of nature always be with you.

Erwin Buske Photography (c) 2020


References:

(1) Perception and Imaging by John Suler and Richard D. Zakia, Fifth Addition, Copyright 2018

Freedom through Limitations: Going out in the Field with just one Lens

If on your next dream excursion you could take just one lens, which would it be? Would you opt for a wide angle zoom so useful in capturing those grand landscapes? Or would prefer the versatility of a mid-range zoom that usually includes in its range everything from a moderate wide angle to moderate telephoto? Although versatile, this lens leaves many bored because it has inadequate range to provide dramatic emphasis to the foreground and also because it is not long and powerful enough to compress and isolate a distant subject. Perhaps instead you would choose a long telephoto lens which would allow you to find within the grand landscape a multitude of potential subjects without having to move around much at all. Or perhaps you would reject all of three three options from the holy trinity of lenses and choose instead a Macro lens to bring to your eyes the often hidden beauty of the micro world.

Jade Vines
105mm 2.8 Nikon Macro Lens @F3.5, Focus Stacked Image

Although at first this might seem more like a hypothetical exercise, it actually is not. We should all, beginning and experienced photographers alike, periodically travel with just one lens. Although conventional wisdom often associates creativity with the freedom of no barriers and unlimited choices, creatives have long known that creative bursts are just as likely to come through working with limitations. Why is this so?

Young Tree in a Forest: Mid Range Zoom at 70mm @ F9

Introducing limitations to the process of image making is the ultimate defense against creative block. With one lens–we now have fewer choices to make in creating a compelling image. This reduction of choices helps inspire us to see the world in different ways, moving us out of our comfort zone, which allows us to tap into new sources of creativity! Who would have known that the best way to expand our horizons is working within often self imposed limitations? If we instead work with a full array of lens choices, we may never take the extra steps necessary to make a single lens work, for example moving closer or further away from the subject with a mid range zoom or simplifying a cluttered landscape with a telephoto perspective. By way of analogy from the world of music, one would never think that a musician who opts to play a song using a classic acoustic piano is any less creative than another musician who instead chooses instead an electric piano with a full array of synthesized sounds. In fact, just the opposite may be true. The same holds true for the world of photography. We should never prematurely judge a photographer as somehow less creative because he/she chooses to work within the limitations of one or two lenses. Taking along just a single lens will provide the added advantage of reducing the weight of our backpack, making us more agile and nimble in the field!

Ever Returning Spring
Sony 16-35 2.8 GM Wide Angle Zoom at 30mm, Focus Stacked
Flock of Birds
Sony 10-400 GM Telephoto Zoom @400mm

The Trinity of Zoom Lenses

The Trinity of Zoom lenses is very popular today and for good reason. One can fulfill the vast majority of photographic requirements with these three lenses. The three lenses include a wide angle zoom, mid-range zoom, and telephoto zoom. Popular focal lengths for each of these zooms are 16-35 mm for a wide angle zoom, 24-105 for a mid-range zoom, and a 70-200 (or 100-400 which I prefer) for a telephoto zoom. There is overlap in the range of each of these zooms which is a good thing because it reduces the need to change lenses too often. Frequent changing introduces the possibility of getting dust on the sensor and perhaps more importantly missing out on a decisive moment. Some photographers may opt for a somewhat wider wide angle zoom, for example 12-24mm . I own the Sony 12-24mm extreme wide angle but it seldom gets used because most of the time I can create a superior image with a less extreme focal length. There are times, however, when we definitely need to go wider, but these times are so rare that taking along an extreme wide angle zoom as ones only lens may not be the best choice. In addition to the holy trinity of lenses, we will also want to consider a dedicated macro lens as a single lens option.

Wide Angle Zoom

A wide angle zoom is typically the first lens a beginning landscape photographer buys after purchasing a camera with a standard mid-range zoom lens. He/she wants to go wider and perceives that the kit zoom is not wide enough to effectively capture grand scenes. Disappointment, however, often follows because using this lens effectively will require much practice in developing ones skill set. We are not just capturing wide angle scenes with this lens, but creating compelling compositions that provide a visual flow from major foreground elements, to the mid-ground and background. Lets reviews some of the Pro and Cons of the Wide Angle Zoom.

This lens has received a bad rap lately. Many perceive that the use of this lens to capture grand scenes, especially icons, results in too many quickly captured images that are visually similar and lack creativity. This may be true for the initial spotting of the scene and taking a quick picture, but zeroing in and fine tuning the composition is another mater entirely. Used properly this lens is one of the most difficult but also one of the most rewarding lenses to use. A wide angle zoom , skillfully used, can also highlight your unique vision for the scene even if it is a often photographed location. Another criticism I frequently hear is that with a wide angle zoom one can only pick out one or maybe two compositions for a scene. This criticism reveals more of a users lack of knowledge or experience in the creative use of the wide angle zoom, than it is an accurate assessment of the lens’s potential. As we will soon see, when one gets low and as close as possible to the foreground, even micro movements can and will result in substantially different compositions. The possibilities are virtually limitless. With a wide angle zoom, I can pick out in most situations as many as ten different compositions which is likely a point at which few would even want to venture beyond!

Rising from the Clouds
Sony 16-35 2.8 GM @ 18mm, focused stacke
d

A wide angle zoom definitely requires slowing down as one gets very close, often within inches from the foreground and finds a visual flow from the foreground, to the mid-ground and background. I have been known to spend up to a couple hours in the field fine tuning my wide angle compositions. When the camera is this close to the foreground, a couple of inches this way or that can dramatically alter the composition. One needs to study thoroughly the scene especially the visually predominant foreground to eliminate or reduce visual distractions. It is almost as if one has in the foreground an intimate or macro scene within the larger scene. The larger scene provides context to the image, but it is the foreground that will make or break the image. Getting this close, usually will also require focus stacking. If one focuses on a very close foreground the rest of the scene will not be in focus even at F-16. If one focuses one third into the scene, which is usually the mid-ground, then the foreground will not be in focus.

Remembrance
Sony 16-35 4.0 Lens @20mm Focus Stacked

A wide angle zoom can also be use to uniquely capture just the main subject without a blending of foreground, mid-ground and a distant background. With the lens inches away from part of the subject, the distortions and exaggerations of perspective of this lens can be put to work to bring out the character of the subject as is evident in the image below of a Japanese Maple, titled Spider-man.

Spider Man
Sony 16-35 2.8 GM @F16

There are instances where a 16-35mm wide angle zoom will not be wide enough to capture both the foreground and background, but those instances are rare. The temptation is to go wider than one needs to go, but for most images one can create a more compelling composition with visual impact through selection of a less extreme wide angle of view. In order to do this, however, one is going to need to get real close, focus stack, and set the tripod up at the right height Although one wants to get a low as possible, going too low will potentially take the mid ground out of view resulting in a less than pleasing composition.

Extreme wide angles can render in certain situations the background and also the mid-ground insignificant and in these cases should be avoided. While it is true that to a certain extent we can correct these distortions through warping in Photoshop, I personally believe our aim should always be to get the image proportions as close as possible to the desired result in camera. Some minor warping will enhance the image, but I can usually spot aggressive warping (or perspective blending using lenses of different focal lengths) because it often calls attention to itself and just does not look natural.

One Enchanted Evening
Sony 16-35 2.8 GM @29mm focus stacked

Next is an instance where an extreme wide angle was definitely needed to give adequate emphasis to both the foreground leaves and the background of the waterfall. I used a 12mm lens, but as previously mentioned I find such instances rare.

Zen Moment
Sony 12-24 4.0 @F14

Wide angles excel in scenes where one wants to create a sense of three dimensionalality through rendering objects in the distance smaller. This is closer to how our eyes actually see the world. Our eyes also tend to scan the scene, looking down and close to the foreground and then out at the larger scene, similar to a near far composition.

Garden in Paradise
Sony 16-35 2.8GM @19mm

If one elects to only take a wide-angle zoom along for the creative challenge of this blog post, it is good to know that most of these zooms extend out to 35mm which some consider closer to a normal focal length. When I use my wide angle zoom I tend to keep it on the camera and frequently move out to its maximum 35mm focal length. With some slight cropping of a 35mm image one can easily create images that are more similar to images taken by a 50mm lens. One can do quite a bit with just a wide angle zoom lens!

Mid Range Zoom

I have met a large number of photographers who admit that they almost never use a mid range zoom. This lens lacks some of the allure of a wide angle zoom that can drastically alter spacial relationships through the exaggeration of the size of foreground elements. It also lacks the power of telephoto zooms that can dramatically compress layers in small portions of a distant scene. Nevertheless, both near far compositions and compression of layers within the scene are possible with the lens. In many ways this is the most challenging zoom lens from the trinity to use and the one that many accomplished photographers eventually come back to as their lens of choice. Although one of my specialties is near far compositions, well over half of my images taken in the past year are within the mid zoom range of 24-105mm.

Lets review some of the pros and cons of mid range zooms

Because the mid range zoom lacks some of the drama that comes easily to wide or telephoto zoom, it forces us to think harder about our compositions and the placement of elements within the scene. This is especially true of grand scenes, but it is also true of more intimate scenes.

I wish I was an Island in the Fog
Sony 24-105 @F7.1, 57mm
Bleeding Hearts of the Forest
Sony 55mm Lens @F4.0 Focus Stacked

There are several excellent professional photographers currently active where the mid-range zoom is their lens of choice, one of which is David Thompson. David is known for his excellent compositions and photo processing skills. Although he always exercises restraint in processing and gravitates toward the less dramatic mid range of focal lengths, he is creating some of the most visually compelling and photographically excellent images out there today.

Bayou Impressions by David Thompson

The mid range is also the focal length range that would be consistent with the images from classic landscape artists, the Hudson River School, and landscape painting icons such as Albert Bierstadt. The more extreme wide angle and highly compressed telephoto perspectives evolved more with the advance of lens technology for photography in the later part of the twentieth century.

Valley of the Yosemite by Albert Bierstadt
We seldom see in Bierstadt’s images the modern day dramatic emphasis of foreground made possible with wide angle lenses. Distant mountain always loom with grandeur in his paintings and he directs our eyes toward the middle of the scene. His paintings would almost all fall within the range of a mid-range zoom.

Most large format photographers also work with equivalent focal lengths that would be well within the range of a modern standard mid range zoom lens. About as wide as one would go in 4 X 5 large format photography is 90mm which is roughly equivalent to 27mm in full frame photography. About as long as one would go in large format photography is 300mm which is roughly equivalent to 89mm in full frame photography. Ansel Adams, who was actually primarily a 8 X 10 photographer, shot primarily in what would be a 35mm equivalent range of 28mm to 80mm. None of this is to suggest we should all aim to emulate the perspectives of these icons from the past, but many of us continue to be inspired by their work and want to include some of their influence in our own creations. Would our own photography take new and better directions if we more often said yes to the mid-range zoom and resisted the temptation for always reaching for lenses in wide angle and telephoto ranges, especially the more extreme reaches of these ranges? Personally I feel we would all benefit from this, especially if we have already spent significant time dabbling in photography using wide angle and telephoto zooms.

A mid-range zoom is often thought as the range that most closely approximates human vision, especially when we are talking about focal lengths with an angle of view of about 40% to 60% which would correspond to the portion of the zoom range on a full frame camera of about 35mm to 60mm. Contrary to popular belief, however, human vision has a very expansive angle of view of about 130% which would be a very extreme wide angle lens. Human eyes, however, are quite different than a lens with large portions of our field of view being blurred and only the central portion sharp. This central portion of our field of vision does correspond to lenses in the 35mm to 60mm range.

Holding on to Paradise
This image of Picture Lake and Mt. Shuksan was taken with a 35mm focal length which provides a well balanced emphasis on the foreground while still maintaining a reasonably large view of the peak. Opting for a wider angle in this case would result in a very diminutive peak and reflection that may not be visually as striking. It is noted that 35mm is also the equivalent focal length used in most cell photo cameras today.

Human vision, however, has far more in common with video than it does with a still camera with the human eyes constantly scanning the scene, focusing on different points , and our brain integrating this information into what we perceive as vision. What is important is that the mid-range focal length typically captures images that will be the closest to what we and others who we share images with will recall seeing on location. Although from a creative perspective we are not always wanting to bring to the viewer an image consistent with their own perception, sometimes we are. In those cases we should be using a mid-range zoom, employing the art and craft of photography to create compelling compositions, and skillfully processing these images. Our fans will instantly recognize a shared vision of the location, but they will still be amazed at our photographic and artistic ability to transform the scene into photographic art.

Hiking in the Fog and Bear Grass
We do not always need a wide angle zoom to create near far compositions. I created this image with a 24-105mm lens at 32mm
Mount Baker at Sunset
We do not always need a long telephoto to isolate a distant peak. This image of Mt. Baker was taken with a 83mm focal length which would be well within the range of most mid-range zooms.
Lupines in the Forest
I captured this image with a 41mm focal length which allowed me to feature the beautiful lupines prominently in the foreground and still have sufficient compression in the scene to visually a convey a sense of a forest in the background. With the selection of a wider focal length, the forest would be much more dispersed and loose its sense as a subject in the image.
Mount Adams Mountain Glory
This image was take with my mid range zoom fully zoomed out to 105 mm and provides an example how a mid-rage zoom at its longest reach can provide a telephoto perspective.

Telephoto Zoom

The telephoto zoom is typically the third lens a beginning photographer purchases after a kit standard mid-range zoom and then a wide angle zoom. Although this lens, with its ability to isolate subjects and compress space, opens up manifold opportunities for visual expression, it often it does not get nearly as much use as it should until a photographer further progresses in their photographic journey. This is likely due to the fact that it takes some time to develop the skills to make this an effective tool in capturing landscape images. In this regard you will want to ask yourself, what is it you like about the scene? What parts of the scene affect you more at an emotional level? Then scan the scene with your eyes without using the camera to pick only details that are consistent with what you like about the scene. Only then reach for the camera with telephoto zoom lens mounted and attempt to isolate the subject. Here are some of the pros and cons of the Telephoto Zoom.

With a telephoto zoom we can pick out many compositions within the larger scene–small vignettes or abstracts that allow us capture some of the essence of the larger scene. If you are more of the lazy type, you need not move far at all to work this lens, and from a given location facing lets say a range of mountains with overlapping ridges one could easily pick out as many as one hundred or more compositions. In such a situation it is far easier to do this with a telephoto than either a wide angle zoom or a mid range zoom. It, however, takes real skill to zero in on the one or two vignettes that result in the most visually compelling images and this skill takes considerable time and practice to develop. In this regard one needs to just get out there and with just the telephoto zoom lens, practice, practice, practice! Dare to take just one lens! If the telephoto range does not already figure prominently in your portfolio, going out in the field with just the telephoto zoom mounted to your camera for a day may be just what the doctor ordered to bring new life and creativity to your images.

Mind Wandering in the Desert
Sony 100-400 GM @101m
m

Telephoto zooms compress layers within the scene often giving them more or less equal visual weight and what we are left with are beautiful patterns of light and shadow, and lines and shapes. This can be seen above in the nearly monochromatic (gold) image of the sand dues. It can also be seen in the next image titled Family Farm that adds color to the mix taken above the Palouse wheat fields. The red color of the farm house immediately attracts ones attention as a contrasting element in the scene.

Family Farm
Nikon 200-500 @500mm

In the image below taken at a 183mm focal length I focused out toward the center of an alpine lake to capture a beautiful abstract pattern of the melting ice. Telephoto zooms excel at picking out such abstract compositions.

Spring Thaw
Sony 70-300 @183mm

In this next image I was actually at a fairly close range of less than 10 feet from a canyon wall and used a telephoto lens to capture this wonderful pattern of the rocks with diagonal accents. These patterns would be easy to miss just walking through the canyon, but if one slows down one can often spot these small vignettes that come to life through a telephoto perspective.

Rock Tapestry
Nikon 70-200 F4 lends @155mm
Forest Carpet of Clouds
Nikon 200-500 @500

In the above image, Forest Carpet of Clouds, I not only used the telephoto zoom to isolate the forest and create some simple layers of fog, forest and clouds, but I also included some fairly prominent negative space to give the composition a more minimalist feel without distractions. The telephoto zoom range is the best for more easily removing distractions in an image.

Telephotos are also excellent for exaggerating spacial relationships especially those in the far distance. In the image below the mountain looming very large on the horizon is Mt. Baker. If you saw this scene in person the mountain would be a fairly insignificant element in the distance. Even the church on the right would seem very small to the naked eye. With the use of a 400mm focal length, however, I am able to compress the layers within the scene and give the most weight to Mt. Baker in all of her majesty.

Reveal
Sony 100-400 GM @400mm

Of course the telephoto effect need not always be this pronounced and sometimes all that is needed is some moderate compression like in the next scene of Gig Harbor in Washington State taken with 156mm focal length.

Gig Harbor Sunset
Sony 100-400 GM @156mm

Macro Lens

When weight is not much of a concern, on special occasions I will pack my complete trinity of Sony lenses: a 16-35 2.8 GM wide angle zoom, 24-105 4.0 mid range zoom. and my latest addition the 100-400 GM telephoto zoom lens. But I do not consider this array complete unless I also pack my Sony Macro 90 mm 2.8 lens. On the most special occasions I will only use the Macro lens and wonder why I even took the others! With the macro lens we can open up the often unseen world of small things and easily create unique images that you are unlikely to find in any other photographer’s portfolio. Lets review some of the pros and cons of the Macro Lens.

Orchid Face
Sony 90mm Macro

Although any one of the three lenses from the trinity could potentially be used as a Macro lens, they will not work as good as a dedicated macro lens for this purpose. A true macro lens will have a magnification ratio of 1 to 1, in other words it can capture in focus a small portion of the scene with the size of the object corresponding exactly to the sensor size of the camera. The 24-105 lens would work in a pinch and when one is trying to save weight this would definitely be worth considering as an option. But by way of contrast, the 24-105 closest focusing distance is 15 inches with a magnification ratio at this distance of .32. The closest focusing distance of the dedicated macro is 12 inches (a good working distance) and the magnification ratio at this distance is 1 to 1. The macro lens also has a flatter field which allows better edge to edge sharpness . The zoom lenses all have more of a curved field with critical sharpness only found in the center of the lens. With macro compositions we are often (not always) featuring patterns where it is desirable to have edge to edge sharpness.

Canadian Dog Wood
The flat field of the Sony 90mm Macro was excellent for capturing edge to edge sharpness in this image.
Prayer Plant Leaves
90mm Macro Lens

Of course we are not always interested in edge to edge sharpness and macro lenses, which usually come with a maximum aperture opening of 2.8, are excellent for blurring backgrounds and minimizing distractions at close focusing distances.

Bog Gentium
Sony 90mm Macro

One of the beauties of macro photography is that one can use this lens in all kinds of light all day long, even when conditions would be far less than optimal for one of the other lenses from the trinity. Not only will the lens excel at capturing smaller worlds, but the lens will be able to uncover worlds within small worlds opening up new avenues for creative expression. For this next image, I shot hand held at F 2.8 and took numerous images in manual focus using my body to move the camera in and out of focus. My goal was to capture just a small part of the image in focus with the rest cast in a beautiful bokeh. Using a higher ISO and with the camera’s vibration reduction on, I did not need to use a tripod. In this kind of situation a tripod may actually get in the way of finding the perfect composition through a process that involves a great deal of experimentation. This iterative experimentation is best done hand held.

Tiny Autumn Leave
Although these look like flowers they are actually the tiny leaves about 1/4 to 1/2 inch long. It is a rockery plant growing on micro thin soils covering granite rock boulders at Mt. Baker. Sony 90mm Macro

Although I often prefer to shoot with wide open or nearly wide open apertures for macro photography, I will often take multiple images and then make a decision in post processing which parts of the image I want sharp and which parts to remain blurred. The next image of some tiny Mountain Laurel Flowers in the North Cascades provides an example.

Mountain Laurel
Sony 90mm Macro

Conclusion

I am making the pledge to use the macro lens as my sole lens on trips into the cascade mountains in the coming year. I am sure it will open up new paths for creation of beautiful images to round out my portfolio. Which single lens will you pick for your next adventure to help you break through to a new creative frontier? Ironically by limiting your choices, your creative horizons may now appear more clearly and seem almost limitless. Once you make your single lens choice, you may find out just like I have many times, that the path to creative growth often involves voluntarily placing limits on your choice of a lenses.

Erwin Buske Photography (c) 2019

Thanks for reading this blog post.  I greatly appreciate this and would love to hear from you.  Please leave a comment with your thoughts on this post.  If you would like to receive additional posts like this please also follow this blog either through word press or a request for email notifications.  If you feel so inclined please help me reach people who may be interested in this post through sharing.  Thanks!

Transcendental Nature Photography: Creating Inspiring Images with Lasting Impact

“Nature always wears the colors of the spirit”

Ralph Waldo Emerson (Nature–Chapter 1, 1836) 

During our current digital age with the predominance of social media as the primary way images are now shared, the life span of a popular image can often be measured in just days and sometimes even in hours.  This is not surprising when one considers that the average time a typical person looks at an image on social media is measured in just a few seconds or less.  Yet even in this fast moving environment, where fame and glory evaporate like rain on hot desert sands, some images have staying power and create their own legacy-these are “Inspiring Images with Lasting Impact”.

This article will discuss in depth each of the following topics that collectively will help you create inspiring images with lasting impact.

  1. Emotion
  2. Self Expression
  3. Story Telling
  4. Light
  5. Color
  6. Contrast
  7. Composition
  8. Gestalt

Before discussing each of these, however, I would like to introduce my concept of a shared vision.   Nature images that have staying power put forward a vision that is shared by both the originator of the image, the Photographer, and the viewer.  The attributes of the image invite the viewer to participate in the photographer’s vision.  American philosopher and writer Ralph Waldo Emerson provides us with some insight into how this is possible.  The process starts by finding who we are as a person, our authentic self.  Emerson and two noteworthy legends he influenced, Henry David Thoreau and John Muir pointed out the way.  We must recover our authentic self through separating ourselves from societal influences and immersing ourselves in nature.  Emerson thought nature always points to soul and spirit, the invisible world, that is the source of all creation.  This may sound somewhat far-fetched to some, but in my experience working and collaborating with some of the best nature and landscape photographers, most have confided in me that that there is more to the world than what is seen, and it is this something extra, an often idealized or romanticized vision of nature, that they want to include in their photographic creations.  Because photography, which is anchored in the moment and physical world also points to the universal world of spirit, others can join in and share in the photographer’s vision.  Emerson saw a circular and fluid path between Nature, the Self, and Spirit.  The conventions and distractions of society can keep us from noticing this flow, but experiencing this continuum is available to all who approach nature on her own terms.

Shared Vision

(Unified Field of Consciousness–One = Many)

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I will now discuss each of the eight topics.

(1) Emotion

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Autumn Moods

When someone views one of your images they always have an emotional response, but this response is not always strong and and a viewer’s interest can easily wane.  Images with a lasting impact, however, will evoke a strong emotional response in the viewer.  There are many reasons why this may be the case.  Perhaps they visited this location or a similar location and your image brings back positive memories.  Or like in the image above, the mood and atmosphere of the image transports the viewer into a realm of mystery that spurs their active imagination.  The viewer pictures him or herself walking into the scene experiencing the sense of awe and mystery of the place as if they were actually there.  For more on the active imagination see Forests in the Mists: Windows into the Active Imagination.

“The world is but a canvas for our imagination.” Henry David Thoreau

Next time you are out photographing ask yourself what emotions you feel as you are taking in the beauty, wonders, and mystery of nature.  Do you feel uplifted with a sense of joy, or does these scene bring up darker feelings of  fear or sadness?  Does the scene exude a sense of peace and tranquility, or does it exude more of sense of strong motion and power?  Whatever emotion you feel, try to convey this in the image, both at the moment of capture and in post processing.

(2) Self Expression

“Going into the woods is going home”–John Muir

“Be yourself, no base imitator of another, but you best self”—Ralph Waldo Emerson

There is a sense when reading the profound works of Emerson, Thoreau and John Muir that the path to finding our authentic self and expressing who we are deep down inside goes through nature and the wilderness.  We recover our true self in quiet moments immersed in the solitude of nature.  Once there, nature provides a mirror to our soul and spirit.  But the process of self recovery has a few conditions.  We cannot recover our authentic self if we approach nature as something to be consumed–locations and photo-ops to be checked off our bucket list.  Finding ones self in nature and expressing our true self in our images require that we experience nature on its own terms without any preconditions or desire to control her wildness.   Nature also demands that we eventually come to her on our own without any intermediary–workshop leaders, photography gurus, and the like.  We come alone because we can only understand her secrets through the powers of our direct intuition.  For more on finding your authentic self see my blog post Finding your Photographic Vision and the Search for the Authentic Self . 

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Rainy Day Autumn Dream

I spent a weekend at Mt. Baker last September but did not see the mountain once.  The thick cerebral layer of clouds and constant heavy rain moved me into a self reflective dimension with this image of the Bagley Lake Bridge best expressing my emotional state.

(3) Storytelling

“Truth is so rare, it is delightful to tell it.”
Emily Dickinson

Images that come with a story almost always have a more lasting impact than images that do not.   Sometimes the story arises naturally from the composition of the image, such as two lovers waking along the beach into the sunset.  Other times the story is provided in a short written narrative.  Stories are successful because they provide context to the image and invite viewers to go deeper into the image and explore how it relates to the narrative.  Sometimes a good title for an image is all that is needed to give additional context to the image that is largely already self-sufficient in telling a story.  Ideally the written story and story told through the path of  light and image composition compliment or even  mirror each other.  Viewers love a good story even if it is brief.  Some of my stories for landscape images have to do with the challenges that often come with getting the shot.  But I also have stories that have to do with the history of a landscape.   Often stories that have the most impact reveal how a landscape awakens an experience at a personal level that is often shared by others as well, such a journey to one’s ideal home as in the image below.  These stories are more archetypal in nature and contain visual metaphors that point to common experiences.  With all types of stories, the story not only helps lead the viewer into the image, but also helps reveal what the photographer was thinking and feeling at the time of capture.

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Walking into  a Dream

(4)  Light

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Remains of Autumn

On this evening beautiful intense front light at low angle came through a crack in the clouds strongly illuminating the trees, clouds and reflections.  The clouds also reflected light back onto the scene.

We live in a time when many of the images that rise to sudden popularity were taken in conditions of underwhelming light.  I personally have watched and listened to a few well known video tutorials where the author even indicated that good natural light is not necessary because it can be created in Photoshop.  Often these tutorials start with images where the directional and nuanced lighting is for the most part absent except for perhaps some lingering light in the sky such as images taken just before dusk.  The reason to start there is because it is easier to manufacture the needed light for these images through painting through a masking in Photoshop.  I have noticed recently, however, a trend recently where the best landscape photographers are now featuring images with beautiful and often subtle natural light.  One of the reasons for this is that we have become numb to the countless spectacular images manufactured in Photoshop with once in a life time epic lighting.  The images now lack context and no longer stand out as they all blend into a vast uniform commonality on platforms such as 500px and Instagram.  It is important to note that Transcendental Nature Photography has no prohibition on introducing sources of light that were not there to begin with, ultimately there are no rules.   The Transcendentalist just wants to preserve the relationship with nature as it is experienced and intuitively grasped, because it is this connection that points to soul and spirit and ultimately a shared vision.

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Autumn Magic:  About 15 minutes before sunset front to side lighting came through an opening in the clouds providing spotlighting to the ridge tops and a warm glow to the grayish clouds that reflected light back down onto the mountain ash bushes and Lake Ann.

Images that have staying power and lasting impact will be anchored in the natural light that was present at the moment of capture.  The reason for this hearkens back to our earlier discussion of “Shared Vision”.  We always start with nature as it presents itself in the here and now.  This is what provides us as a mirror to our authentic self and also what transports us and our viewers into a shared world of soul and spirit.  This does not mean we cannot enhance the lighting that was in the original scene.  If fact, this is necessary to poetically evoke the feeling of nature as the manifestation of the world of soul and spirit.  But the idealization and or romanticizing of the experience of being in nature always maintains a “down to earth” anchor in this physical world even as it points to an invisible world beyond.

Morning Dew

Morning Dew :  At sunrise I shot this image looking directly at the sun that provided back lighting to the tulips and morning dew.

The quality of the light is determined by its angle, direction, color and intensity.  Shooting directly into the sun at a low angle may provide dramatic back lighting of elements in the scene.  Side lighting at a low angle is best for revealing textures and contrast.  Front lighting at low angles can transform a scene when channeled through a small opening in dark clouds.  Diffused light from an overcast sky can help rein in excessive contrast and emphasize subtle colors and textures.  Before sunrise the lighting is cool but transitions to warm as the sun rises.  As the sun sets the lighting gets warmer but eventually transitions to cooler tones.  This is why the feel of sunrise can be quite different than sunset.  How does the movement and transition of light along with the interplay of light and shadow correspond with your own internal landscape and emotional state of being?  Through timing, image framing, and post processing can the external and internal landscapes be brought into a closer union?  We associate light with illumination: the ability to see, consciousness, awareness, and transcendence.  By way of contrast darkness and shadows can represent a limited ability to see, the subconscious, the unknown, and feeling stuck in one’s personal world.  Light and its effect on the physical landscape can be thought of as a metaphor that illuminates inner or even transcendent vision.  The possibilities for the effect of light on an image are endless.  Learn how to read light and you are well on your way to mastering landscape photography.

(5) Color

Silver Spirit Trout0552 copy

Autumn at Spirit Falls

In this image the blue green Red Orange Colors are complementary and green to yellow orange colors are harmonious.

Blotches of bright and saturated color are one of the first things we see in an image which helps explain why certain images capture immediate attention and instant likes in popular social media platforms.  It does not take long for many photographers to catch on to to this as they bring overly saturated color into their images through processing.  After all the average attention span when scrolling through images on social media is only a second or two and color (along with high contrast) is often what wins out given this short period of time.   The problem with these images, however, is that upon closer inspection they do not hold our attention long.  Images, however, with rich, nuanced and carefully selected colors are something our eyes can rest on and explore for longer periods of time and perhaps we can even bring into our homes as wall art.

Although perceptions of color can be subjective and also tied to cultural beliefs,  there are some archetypal and universal responses to color, both positive and negative, that seem to transcend personal and cultural beliefs.  Colors in the red area of the color spectrum are known as warm colors and include red, orange, and yellow. These warm colors evoke emotions ranging from feelings of warmth and comfort to feelings of anger and hostility.  Colors on the blue side of the spectrum are known as cool colors and include blue, purple, and green. These colors are often described as calm, but can also call to mind feelings of sadness or indifference.  Complementary Colors are opposite each other on the color wheel and produce lively attention-getting contrast.  Adjacent colors on the color wheel, such as red, orange-red, red-orange, and orange are harmonious.  There is red in all four colors.  The likeness results in pleasing harmony.  Colors can also have many subtle attributes that invite the viewer to explore the image further including tint (any color + white), tone (any color = grey) and shade (any color = black).  Excessively  high saturation levels can result in the lack of color gradations with fewer  variations of  color shades, tints and tones.

Next time you are out in the field and framing a composition ask yourself what effect are the colors in the scene having upon you?  Are one or more of these colors not consistent with your current emotional state?  Will more selective framing of the scene reduce the number of potentially clashing colors?  Does the intended framing  include complementary colors or harmonious colors, or perhaps some of both?

To a certain extent the color balance, hues, saturation, tints, tones, and shades can be modified in Photoshop.    It is usually best, however, for colors to also have a good grounding in the actual scene and to keep processing modifications of colors more on subtle side of the spectrum.  In processing one can decide which color/s to bring the most attention to and use lower saturation levels on the other colors.  But some of the grace and naturalness of the scene along with its connection to the soul and spirit will be lost with drastic alterations of hues or saturation levels.

(6) Contrast

Maple Pass1469R2

North Cascades Aspens

I used my 300mm lens to achieve a compressed perspective of these Aspens that were at some distance away from the dark cliff in the background that was in shadow.  I accentuated the contrast between the Aspens and the dark cliff to achieve a better level of contrast helping make the image pop.

There are two types of Contrast: Tonal Contrast and Color Contrast.  Tonal contrast refers to the difference in bright and dark areas in a photo. Color Contrast  refers to the way colors interact with each other.  In this topic I am primarily concerned with Tonal Contrast.  Contrast can be both at a macro level with the differentiation of the subject from the background and at the micro level helping to reveal important details in the image.  Both macro and micro tonal contrast can help create a sense of depth and a multidimensional aspect to the image.

Maple Pass640-HDR Color Boost Liberty Bell Reflecting Pond

Micro tonal contrast in this image helps make it work.  Micro contrast is especially evident in the trees and clouds, and to a somewhat lesser extent on the mountain and the red huckleberry bush.

Although contrast in an image can help an image pop and direct the viewers attention to the subject/s and follow a path of light, it can easily be overdone.  My experience with my own images and looking at those of others that have staying  power and are also brought into people’s homes as wall art confirms that in most cases more subtle applications of contrast create the best images.  We do not need a sledge hammer to our heads to direct our attention to what to look at in the image.  Excessive contrast (often made possible through the aggressive application of luminosity masks and corresponding curve adjustments) can distract from the organic feel of the image and its connection to the time and place that is the source of our inspiration.  But sensible and somewhat restrained enhancements of contrast showing the path of light, separation of of subject/s from background, illumination of gradations of tonal values, and application of a subtle vignette work wonders and can set the image apart.

Bridge and Leavesi0214-HDR

Cavanaugh Pond Tree Reflections

Some images cry out for lower contrast, as is the case here with the trees and reflections on a foggy day at Cavanaugh Pond close to my home in Renton Washington.

(7) Composition

Image composition is simply the arrangement different subjects and visual elements in the frame.  A successful composition will provide a visual path through the image that directs the viewers attention on the subject/s and elements the photographer considers most important.  In compositions with lasting impact the viewer will not only be guided through the scene, but his/her eyes will also thoroughly explore the image, moving around all parts of the frame to fully appreciate both the whole image and all of its parts.  Ask yourself:  Is my image strong enough for eyes to wander through all elements of the scene?  This is what will happen once an image is hung on a living space wall where it will be looked at again and again.  Landscape photography differs from studio  photography in that we have limited or no flexibility to alter the physical elements within our chosen framing for the scene.  But the Landscape is far more expansive than the studio and there are a multitude of if scenes within scenes and even scenes at the micro level.  From all of this we can make an almost infinite number of composition choices.  Sometimes just moving the tripod a couple of inches can create an altogether different composition.

Nature provides exceptions to every rule.  Margaret Fuller

Guy Tal offers three concepts for thinking about composition in the field: Framing, Perspective and Balance.  I have found these three concepts match very well my more intuitive method of approaching composition and will use them to discuss my approach to composition.  It is important to recognize there are no absolute rules in composition.  While rules such as the “Rule of Thirds” or the need to identify a “Primary Subject” help us to get thinking about composition, they are not absolute mandates.  Creation of a good composition is ultimately a more of an intuitive process that flows organically from our experience of the scene.  We know good composition when we see it even if it cannot be attributed to specific rules of composition.  In this regard we do not look for specific features such as leading lines or foreground elements first and then compose the shot around this.  The composition should always start from our experience of the scene, our emotional response, our intuition about its meaning, and ultimately our intentions for the image–these are the compositions that will have lasting impact.

Rock Tapestry

Rock Tapestry

In this composition using a 200mm lens at close range, I chose to emphasis a very small area of the slot canyon wall.   This allowed me to create an abstract image featuring diagonal lines, somewhat analogous geometric shapes, and patterns of colors.

Framing.  The single most important decision one makes in composition is framing–how much or little of the scene to include in the image frame.  When approaching the scene it is best to at first not even take out the camera.  How does the scene make you feel?  What are the elements in the scene that you are attracted to?  What are the elements of the scene you do not like and can these be eliminated or deemphasized?  Does the scene stir up memories–joy or sadness?  Does the scene leave you feeling calm and peaceful, or is there more of a sense of energy and motion associated with changing conditions? Once you have an idea of your intentions for the scene use your hands or better yet your imagination to build a frame- then think about which focal length would best match your rough framing and intuitive grasp of the scene.

Perspective. Once you have identified the initial framing of the scene, it is now time to determine where best to position yourself relative to the scene.  Much of this exploratory work can also be done without a camera.  Get down low, and then perhaps even lower as in right on the ground.  How does the scene look from different vantage points?  If shooting with a wide or normal angle lens, get closer then move away from foreground objects.  Often  movements up and down, forward and backwards, and to the left or right can result in major differences in the composition including its sense of depth.  A very low perspective will provide maximum emphasis to foreground elements but may lack the height necessary to fully appreciate leading lines to a primary subject or place too little emphasis on the mid-ground.   Are both your foreground and mid-ground elements equally important or is it more important to place maximum emphasis on the foreground that might also be your primary subject?  The key is to keep moving around the scene exploring different alternatives before setting up a tripod with camera for fine tuning of the composition.  For more on framing and perspective see my blog post Going Wide, Going Narrow, Creating Layers of Beauty

Silver Spirit Trout0309 copy

South Falls Magic Mushroom Discovery

In this image there are two main subjects, the mushrooms and the waterfall.  I chose a very low and close perspective to give primary attention to the mushrooms underneath and seemingly looking out to South Falls.  The mid-range gets only low to moderate emphasis in this image.

Balance.  Image balance is about the placement of the subject/s and elements in the fame to achieve to a natural flow and rhythm.  In a well balanced image distractions will be eliminated or minimized, there will be no competing elements, and there will not be excessive negative space.  If there is a primary subject, attention will be brought to it through the use of light, contrast,  and somewhat more saturated color.   There will be a visual flow to the primary subject through the use of leading lines, contrast and or a path of light.  In wide angle images, there will be a natural and flowing transition from the foreground to the mid-ground and background portions of the image.  Often balance is achieved through simplification, but more complex and even somewhat chaotic scenes can still be balanced through various methods including darkening and desaturating portions of the scene that need less emphasis and more importantly through the use of  gestalt principles (more on this in the next topic).

Maple Pass1018-HDR

Autumn Cascading Meadows

Color transitions and where the rocks meet the autumn meadow provide a sense of cascading diagonal lines that lead the eyes through the foreground and mid-ground portions of the scene to the overlapping ridges beyond.  The overall result is a great sense of depth in the image and an overall well balanced composition.

(8) Gestalt

Autumn Variety0019-HDR

Boardwalk through a Mossy Bog

“It’s not what you look at that matters, it’s what you see.” Henry David Thoreau

Have you ever wondered  why one image will inspire us to see beyond the arrangement of subjects and objects within a frame and another will not?  Both images are arranged through composition techniques, but only one of the two will move us beyond the literal interpretation of the scene so that we can share in the photographer’s vision  and what inspired him/her in the first place.  Gestalt theory provides us some clues.

Gestalt refers to a configuration or pattern of elements so unified as a whole that it cannot be described merely as a sum of its parts.  Gestalt helps explain how our vision works in grouping elements into more unified groups and associations.  Our eyes and the corresponding processing of vision in our brain work much different than the lens of our camera.  We can look into the chaos of a forest and still see a fundamental unity, the camera initially cannot.  Often normal vision is identified as what one would see through a standard 50mm lens.  But in  reality our vision is far different from this.  Our eyes move around and within blinks of the eye we go from seeing the world wide to narrow to panning the scene almost simultaneously.   This is our perception creating unified images in our mind that seem to evaporate when  looking through the viewfinder of our camera at a static image.

There are certain principles of the Gestalt theory of perception that can help us in creating transcendent and unified images.

Similarity.  Objects and elements that are similar are perceived as a group.  Types of similarities include shapes, diagonal lines, curves, textures,  colors, the amount or color of light, and shadows and highlights.  It is important to note that these attributes do not need to be identical and in fact it is often better that they are not because this is more consistent with the flow of nature’s often imperfect order.   For example our mind will still group together objects with a roughly circular shape even if they are different sizes and dimensions and occur in different parts of the scene.

Proximity.  The eye perceives that objects close to one another as belonging to a group and these objects do not necessarily need to be similar.

Continuation.  The principle of continuation refers to the mind’s tendency to see complete forms even if a picture is incomplete, partially hidden by other objects, or if part of the information needed to make a complete picture in our minds is missing.  The mind assumes that lines extend beyond the edges of the frame.  An example of this is a trail or boardwalk disappearing in the distance (as in the image above).  In the landscape photo this principle helps create a sense of depth (along with the use of a wide-angle lens) as the mind believes that the boardwalk continues beyond its vanishing point.

Closure.  The mind completes shapes that only exist partially in the image, such as a partial circle or triangle. With time one can recognize shapes in a scene that may not be apparent at first and integrate these shapes with other similar shapes in the scene to create a visual thread that helps tie together and unify the image—think of this as visual poetry.  Seldom is image making a precise lesson in geometry but rather has more to do with identifying somewhat similar shapes, patterns and colors that can create a balanced whole.

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Autumn Passage

Some Gestalt unifying gestalt principles can be seen in this image.  There is a similarity of shapes between the granite rock in the foreground, the upper half of Lake Valhalla, and the top of Lichtenberg peak in the upper left.  The proximity of the granite rock with the harmoniously colored sections of golden yellow green and orange red foliage helps form a unified foreground group.  The triangular granite rock partially hidden by foliage (closure) points (continuation) down the slope to the lake and the peak aided by slightly diagonal lines in the mid ground.  The lake itself and the peak point to the sky and warm clouds of sunset (continuation).

Emergence. Emergence is somewhat different from the other Gestalt principles in that it is something that one sees after initially grasping the unified whole image.  Emergence is about going deeper into the image to appreciate the details, subtle gradations of color and light (recall our discussion about micro contrast).  This flies in the face of those who argue that details do not matter and suggests that once the whole is recognized we need to give the viewer a place to go for awhile to discover more about the riches of the image.  Emergence is a necessary gestalt principle for images with lasting impact.  Emergence can be seen in the above image, especially in the foreground, with the details in the granite rock and subtle gradations of color and tones in the foliage.  It can also be seen in the forests and rocks of Lichenberg Peak.

Conclusion

Images that have lasting impact go beyond the faithful recording of Nature’s handy work.  Some refer to this difference as one between documentary and expressive photography.  I prefer to think about it as moving toward transcendental photography.  Transcendental photography moves beyond the individual subjects and objects in the image, beyond the faithful recording of color and light values,  and even beyond the image where the whole is more than the sum of its parts. The transcendent image instills an emotional reaction and evokes an appreciation for still another dimension, the soul and spirit of a place and time and offers the viewer a shared vision.  For more on inspiration and vision see Sources of Inspiration for Nature and Landscape Photography: Finding Your Photographic Vision  The image has strong composition attributes that invite the viewer to come into the image, listen to its story, understand its visual metaphors and explore both the whole image and its subtle and nuanced details. The viewer shares in the creator’s inspiration and participates in the creator’s vision .

Every natural fact is a symbol of some spiritual fact.  Every appearance in nature corresponds to some state of the mind, and that state of mind can only be described by presenting that natural appearance as its picture.  Ralph Waldo Emerson (Nature–Chapter 4 1836)

A leaf, a drop, a crystal, a moment in time, is related to the whole, and partakes of the perfection of the whole.  Each particle is a microcosm and faithfully renders the likeness of the world.  Ralph Waldo Emerson (Nature–Chapter 5 1836) 

Spirit Angels in the Forest

Spirit Angels in the Forest

Erwin Buske Photography (c) 2018


Thanks for reading this blog post.  I greatly appreciate this and would love to hear from you.  Please leave a comment with your thoughts on this posts.  If you would like to receive additional posts like this please also follow this blog either through word press or a request for email notifications.  If you feel so inclined please help me reach people who may be interested in this post through sharing.  Thanks!

Multi-Day Backpacking and Photography

“Keep close to Nature’s heart… and break clear away, once in awhile, and climb a mountain or spend a week in the woods. Wash your spirit clean.” John Muir

Multi-day Backpacking can provide an immersive experience into the wonders and mysteries of nature providing a powerful source of inspiration to the photographer that is rarely available in trips of shorter duration.  What I have noticed on my many multi-day trips is that it takes at least a couple of days to disconnect from the concerns of the day to day world and tune in to the subtle heart beat of nature’s calling.  At day three the wilderness almost seems like an extension of oneself, and this is soon followed by the realization that we too are nature.  The American Transcendentalist Emerson established nature as the liberator of our creative self.

“Nothing divine dies. All good is eternally reproductive. The beauty of nature reforms itself in the mind, and not for barren contemplation, but for new creation. Ralph Waldo Emerson (Nature – Chapter 3: Beauty, 1836) 

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Walking into a Dream: This  view is looking out to the patrol cabin and Mt. Rainier from Indian Henry’s Hunting Ground, one of my favorite places along the 100+ mile Wonderland Trail around Mt. Rainier National Park.  Although it is possible to do this trip in five days, for photographers I recommend a minimum of 10 days.  I did the trip in 11 days and wished I had more!

Our true nature is that of creativity, but often it is difficult to hear its calling when we are following instead the drum beat of our jobs, societal expectations, and desires to be popular on social media.  What better way to cut loose from these muffling sounds, and listen instead to the still small voice of nature?  Tune out to all this clutter and noise and  tune in to nature and creative renewal as part of a multi-day backpacking trip!  The rewards of this experience will pay dividends once you are back navigating through the day to day concerns of your life and will be spiritually transforming.  Although we cannot all realistically spend most of our life immersed in the wilderness, we can carry this experience back with us through the renewal of our spirit.  This spirit can be creatively renewed again and again through annual pilgrimages to the back-country with multi-day backpacking trips.

 

Glacier Peak 2017 Images1896 copy

Tda-ko-buh-ba Sunrise: Beautiful pasque flowers gone to seed and Image Lake awaken to a rosy sunrise underneath Washington’s most remote volcanic peak, known by the Suak Indian Tribe as “Tda-ko-buh-ba”, but also known as Glacier Peak. This location in the Glacier Peak Wilderness comes as close to heaven on earth as anything my imagination can possibly conjure up. Looking out across the meadow and lake to Glacier Peak one feels the pure essence of a wilderness area, an area where the earth and its community of life are untrammeled by people, and where we are just visitors who cannot remain in a place of such unspoiled beauty.   We reached this location on the third night of our backpacking trip making this trip an obvious choice for a multi-day backpacking adventure.

In this blog post I will discuss the following: (1) Why a Photography Oriented Multi-day Backpacking Trip, (2) What to Carry, (3) Camera Gear, (4) Getting in Shape, (5) Selecting a Team, (6) Finding Your Photographic Vision, and (7) Destinations.  The chart below contrasts a typical backpacking trip with a photography oriented backpacking trip.

Typical and Photography Multiday Backpacking

Photography backpacks are much different from a typical organized backpacking trip. The pace and tempo of this trip is centered around photography.   This means frequent stops along the trail and organizing the schedule to be at the right places for at least a two to three hours window around sunrise and sunset.  Breakfasts on photography backpacking trips are usually eaten late and dinners early because it is important to keep the mornings and evenings open for photography.  Most movement from place to place will occur during the middle of the day arriving at the next camp well in advance of  the evening hours which means keeping daily backpacking distances reasonable where possible.

 

river-bendcomp

Rivers Bend, Eagle Cap Wilderness Area, Oregon.  To properly experience the vast Eagle Cap, a multi-backpacking trip is essential. This particular valley originally looked quite unremarkable to me and I struggled to come up with a compelling composition.   This area of Eagle Creek is not typically thought of as an iconic site.   But as I explored further down the valley I saw this bend in the river that caused me to think back on Ansel Adam’s image of Oxbow Bend in the Grand Tetons.  I attempted to photograph Oxbow Bend a few years ago but I felt I was recreating someone else’s composition.  But here in the Eagle Cap, I had no such concern.  The same emotional impact I felt when viewing Ansel’s Oxbow Bend image I now felt with even greater intensity and this helped to provide the creative energy I needed for this image.

What to Carry

Maintaining a good comfort level on a multi-day backpacking trip has everything to do with keeping weight of the backpack at a manageable level of between 35 and 45 pounds. This challenge is especially hard for us photographers because not only do we need to carry a full array of  backpacking gear, but also we need to carry camera gear including a tripod.  For a multi-day backpacking trip, we will of course need the ten essentials, but will need to go far beyond this if the trip is going to be an enjoyable and a worth while experience.

 

Ten Essentials

(1) Navigation (map and compass)
(2) Sun protection (sunglasses and sunscreen)
(3) Insulation (extra clothing)
(4) Illumination (headlamp/flashlight)
(5) First-aid supplies
(6) Fire (waterproof matches/lighter/candles)
(7) Repair kit and tools
(8) Nutrition (extra food)
(9) Hydration (extra water)
(10) Emergency shelter

The following heirarchial criteria will help guide us to the selection of the right equipment.

(1) Need
(2) Function
(3) Light Weight/Ultralight
(4) Bulk
(5) Cost
(6) Style

For every item that we pack one must ask if this item is needed and what function does it serve?  If there is no need that has to do  with protecting us and keeping us safe from the elements, that item may need to go into the nice to have but not necessary list that we keep to a bare minimum–for example camp chairs, bulky and heavy solar chargers, etc.  Although it is important that equipment is light, it is also important not to be so obsessive about reducing weight that one compromises a basic need and function.  For example, taking a minimalist first aid kit for a group of six people for a week or more in the wilderness is not a smart idea.  Accidents can and do happen even to the most prepared and an appropriately sized first aid kit will be required.  The same goes for backpacks.  It often takes weight to carry weight.  One of the most frequent complaints I have heard from ultra light backpackers with camera gear is that their backpack is so uncomfortable and is disproportionately distributing the weight to their shoulders rather than hips.

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Here Comes the Sun: On a cold, cloudy and misty day in the middle of October, the sun likes to tease us, occasionally with breakthroughs, instilling hope, of a clearing to come. These hopes are usually dashed but I love the drama, and would go to the Enchantments again and again to experience it!  The Enchantments are best approached as part of a five to eight day Multi-day Backpacking Trip.  When in this much beauty, why would anyone want to leave sooner?

 

It is not only important that the equipment be light but also of low bulk.  This allows us to use a smaller backpack that is typically lighter and better balanced on the body.  Light and ultralight equipment can be expensive but sales can often be found at the REI Garage and Backcounty.com.  Although style is a consideration, style needs to flow naturally from need and function if it is going to find a place on our equipment list.

Every time I get prepared to go on a major backpacking trip I methodically go through this list before the trip and gather all the equipment together, checking off items one by one.  At the end of the trip I do a post trip analysis of what items I did not use and consider revising the list for the next trip.

 

Equipment List

Equipment List

 

Awakening

Awakening: While camping on Copper Ridge I woke up to this sunrise with the fog quickly rising from the valley below. A few minutes later the entire ridge was engulfed in fog. Copper Ridge is located in North Cascades National Park and is typically reached as part of a 4 to 7 day backpacking trip that also includes Whatcom Pass. This area receives a large amount of rain and fast changing weather even in the summer months which presents its challenges but also some great photographic opportunities. 

 

Camera Gear

My recommendation is to  take only two lenses and at the most three.  The lens that I find most useful on most multi-day backpacking trips is a wide-angle zoom closely followed by a macro lens that also doubles as a telephoto lens.  On my last trip I brought a Sony A7R3 mirrorless camera, a Zeiss 16-35 4.0 lens, and a Sony 90mm 2.8 macro lens. The wide-angle will work great for including important foreground details in the grand landscape composition and the macro telephoto works perfectly for flowers, small area compositions, abstracts, a compressed perspective,  and wildlife at a relatively close range.  With the Sony A7R3 one can easily switch to cropped mode making the macro lens effectively a 135mm telephoto.  One may want to substitute a 70-200mm 4.0 zoom for the macro lens and perhaps bring a small fixed focal length 2.8 manual focus wide angle for stars, but do not fall for the temptation of bringing any more than 2 or 3 lenses.  For more on the use of wide and telephoto lens perspectives in the field check out my blog post: Going Wide, Going Narrow, Creating Layers of Beauty

My entire system including the Induro Stealth carbon fiber tripod weighs less than seven pounds.  Bringing a mirrorless system brought the weight and form factor down considerably .  If I brought my much more bulky and heavy Nikon D810 DSLR and equivalent lenses I would have easily carried an additional three pounds.   It is noted that it is not just the weight that one needs to keep at a minimum but also the bulk of items, because with less real estate one does not need as big of backpack to carry all the equipment.  As previously mentioned, bigger backpacks tend to be heavier and also do not balance weight as good as a smaller backpack.  Mirrorless cameras and most lenses designed for mirrorless are much smaller than their DSLR counterparts.  The chart below compares the weight of the newest Sony A7R3 and Nikon 850 cameras for equivalent systems.

Sony versus Nikon

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Lozier Lake, Wind River Wyoming. Honorable Mention and in the Top 100 finalists for Natures Best/Smithsonian Wilderness Forever Contest.  Wyoming’s Wind River Wilderness Area is one of the best locations for planning a major Multiday Backpack that I know of.

I recommend that you store the camera, lenses, and accessories in a small F-stop ICU.  This fits perfectly into the Kangaroo pocket of my Gregory Baltoro 75 backpack.  I do not recommend backpacks specifically designed for camera equipment and gear from companies such as F-Stop, Lowe Pro and others because they do not carry multi-day backpacking loads nearly as well as conventional backpacks from Gregory  or Osprey.

My Sony A7R3 with 16-35 4.0 Lens and 90mm macro in a F-Stop Small ICU

 

 

The Gregory Baltoro 75 Backpack: Notice the large Kangaroo Pocket on the front that easily accommodates a small F-Stop ICU. 

 

There are two very important photography equipment requirements in multi-day backpacking that I have found many people do not think about until the need becomes apparent.  The first requirement is that you will need a camera available at all times while actually on the trail backpacking.  The second is that once at camp you will need some means to conveniently carry your full frame camera equipment and tripod around.

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Maroon Bells Secret Garden:  A flower meadow basks in the glow of the warm evening light at dusk somewhere below Buckskin Pass in the Maroon Bells Snowmass Wilderness Area, Colorado. Although most people know the Maroon Bells primarily through the post card image of Maroon Lake, the wilderness area actually spans a large area that offers multiple opportunities to frame a unique composition. You will need to go backpacking, however, to find these spots. I took this image as part of a seven day backpacking loop trip over four 12,000 foot passes. This was one of the best backpacking loop trips I have ever taken and mid July is excellent to experience the flowers in full bloom.

 

Photographic opportunities abound on a multi-day back trip while actively backpacking on the trail,  but to take advantage of these opportunities you will need quick access to a camera.  Although there are many ways to carry your interchangeable lens camera while backpacking, personally I have found all of these ways somewhat awkward and inconvenient when carrying a multi-day backpack.  I have also noticed that when backpackers use such devices as a holster, a chest pouch, or a shoulder mounted peak one,  the  use of these devices is typically only temporary and then the user gets tired of their awkwardness and into the main backpack the camera goes.  What I recommend is to carry a second camera: a high quality and light weight point and shoot camera that fits easily into a pocket, such as the Sony RX100.   This is the camera you use while hiking from point to point while carrying your multi-day backpack.   It only weighs 8 ounces, has the full array of both manual and automatic controls, and is capable of capturing excellent images and raw files.  As the saying goes, the best camera is the one you have with you!  Once at camp of course you will use your larger full frame camera.  Although an I-phone or the like is good for an occasional snapshot, especially those that include people, the ability to manually control the RX100 along with its much larger sensor size coupled with malleable raw files, makes this camera a better choice for most applications.

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Sony RX100

Many backpacks now come with a secondary built in day pack that can be used to carry a full frame camera, lenses, tripod, and a few essentials once you are at camp and in the field.  I pack my camera in a small F-Stop ICU that fits in a Kangaroo Pouch of my Gregory Pack.  Once at camp I take the ICU out and put it into the pack within a pack that is included with the Gregory.    For an even better option, Marmont also makes an excellent ultralight pack called the compressor that weighs 8 ounces that can accommodate an F-stop ICU, lunch, extra clothes and gear, a water bottle and a tripod.  Although some people just empty out their larger pack and use it as a day pack, in my opinion this is awkward, limits mobility, and also forces one to put all unneeded gear now somewhat disorganized  inside the tent.

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Getting in Shape

Many people are very surprised at the difficulty of the trip once they embark on their multi-day backpacking adventure.  This multi-day backpacking trip requires extensive prior conditioning if you are going to enjoy the trip in comfort.  Before beginning your journey take multiple day hikes that involve elevation gain in the range of two to four thousand feet, for example in the Seattle area: Mail Box, Granite Mountain, and Mt. Washington.  Also before launching off, go on a couple of overnight backpacking trips of six miles or more and two to three thousand elevation gain with a backpack in the range of 35 to 45 pounds.  There is nothing like actually hiking and backpacking for conditioning, and although time spent at the fitness center helps, this alone will not prepare you for the Multi-day Backpacking experience.  The getting in shape experience also includes trying out some of the equipment you will be using in the field ahead of time, especially items like Hiking Boots that need to be broken in and a Tent that you need to be able to pitch quickly without the need to follow written instructions.

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Ediza Lake Sunrise:  The Ansel Adams Wilderness Area, approached from the Eastern Sierra, affords splendid opportunities for multi-day backpacking.  But be prepared for a variety of challenging circumstances including river crossings, the elements, and some cross country travel.  On this trip I encountered one of the worst hard driving rain storms in my life that finally passed over shortly before taking this image.

 

Selecting a Team

For multi-day backpacking trips I recommend keeping the number of participants at a small number, at the most five or six, to make sure each of the photographers has a quality experience and participants are not stepping over each others toes trying to get the image.  Keeping the team size small will also help reduce the footprint on environmentally sensitive areas–as always our motto is to tread lightly and leave no trace.  For more on the potential impact of photographers on the environment see Wilderness Gone Viral.  Participants should also be carefully screened as this is physically challenging, and not everyone may be in sync with the pace, rhythm, and goals of a photography oriented backpacking trip.  Non-photographers can participate in the trip and there are even some advantages of having their presence.  They can offer a counterbalance to the often overly driven demeanor of photographers, reminding us to slow down, and appreciate the natural world for what it is, without always trying to immediately shape the experience into an image.  Non-photographers can also provide needed logistical and other support to the photographers, but as mentioned, they must be OK with the trip being primarily oriented around photography.

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Colorado’s expansive Wemminuche Wilderness Area home to some of the best Mult-day backpacking.

Finding your Vision

Although a multi-day photography trip is oriented around photography as one of its primary goals, finding your vision for the area will require that you meet nature on its own terms.  Before even reaching for the camera, take a deep breath, look around, engage all of your senses and imagination in tapping into the heart and soul of nature.  What are the elements of the scene that you find most interesting and how do they effect you at both mental and emotional levels?  What feelings, memories, and perceptions does the scene and these elements bring to the surface?  This is not an activity that spans just a few moments of time but is a meditative state that can span hours.  Be sure to arrive at the scene well ahead of time to do this necessary inner work before launching off on a photo tirade.   This meditation will provide the necessary support for giving your personal vision expression in a photographic image.  More on this can be found on my  blog post “Finding your Photographic Vision and the Search for the Authentic Self” and a  related post Forests in the Mists: Windows into the Active Imagination.

 

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Morning Mist: First light over a misty Lake Lacrosse, Olympic National Park. No matter which route one takes, this lake is about a 20 mile plus hike, making it suitable only for a multi-day backpack for maximum enjoyment.  I approached this area as part of a east to west trek through the park involving the use of a shuttle service.

 

Destinations

There are many excellent destinations for a Multi-day backpacking trip and I have provided images of many of them throughout this blog post.  Two that I highly recommend and I have written blog posts about include Visiting and Photographing the Enchantments and Visiting and Photographing the Glacier Peak Wilderness Area: Spider Gap – Buck Creek Pass Loop.  The Enchantments are best accomplished in about a five to eight day trip to fully immerse yourself in this awe inspiring area and assimilate its beauty.  I recommend going in fall when the Larch Trees turn gold.  The Glacier Peak Wilderness loop trip is best done in early August when wildflowers are at their peak and you will want to have a minimum of seven days scheduled and ideally more to experience this heaven on earth.  Be sure to visit the blog posts above for more on these areas.

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Goodbye My Friend:  The Enchantment’s Leprechaun Lake as we were leaving an approaching snow storm.  Fall time backpacking in the Enchantments involves extra preparations for cold weather and the use of microspikes to safely walk on potentially slippery surfaces.

 

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Ripples along the Lyman Lake Shore.  This image is from my multi-day backpacking trip to the Glacier Peak Wilderness Area in August. What a beautiful and restful place to camp after going up and over Spider Gap and the Lyman Glacier!

 

Conclusion

Multi-day backpacking can be a powerful source of new found inspiration with complete immersion in nature for a week or more, an opportunity to temporarily disconnect from the day to day routine and distractions, and connect to Nature, one’s Authentic Self, and source of all creativity.

“The grand show is eternal. It is always sunrise somewhere, the dew is never all dried at once; a shower is forever falling, vapor is ever rising. Eternal sunrise, eternal sunset, eternal dawn and gloaming, on sea and continents and islands, each in its turn, as the round earth rolls.” John Muir-Sierra Club Founder.

Forests in the Mists: Windows into the Active Imagination

Of all the different landscapes I have in encountered in my many journey’s throughout the US and the world, there is none that moves and inspires me more than the feeling I get when walking just above mist, fog and clouds moving through a Pacific Northwest Forest.  I just love photographing in these conditions. With the fast changing action caused by fog, mist and clouds mingled with light moving through the forest canopy, possibilities for compositions seem almost endless. It is almost as if the forest is a blank canvas mirroring ones internal thoughts, dreams and visions, all captured through the lens of the camera and later processing.

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Spirit Angels in the Forest

In this blog post I will discuss will discuss several factors that go into the creation of the Forest in the Mist image including (1) location ; (2) state of mind ; (3) equipment: (4) technique; (5) active imagination; (6) composition, and (7) processing.

(1) Location

Although most of the images in this blog post were taken at a single location, Poo Poo Point in the Issaquah Alps, one can find similar opportunities throughout the Pacific Northwest.  I find the best locations for shooting are along the ridges of the foothills and first flank of peaks of the cascades, with forests trailing down to the wide open valleys below.  The valleys are important because they are the first to fill with fog and then when the morning sun rises, the fog and mist lift and rise moving in a constantly changing fashion through the trees as the mystery of an ethereal world comes in and out of view.

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Island in the Fog

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Forest Carpet of Clouds

(2) State of Mind

Making images of forests in the mists is not as much about exact locations as it is about ones state of mind.  As previously mentioned, one can  find these vistas just about anywhere in the Pacific Northwest, but will you be ready for the mystery and recognize this ethereal beauty when it arises?  Many will likely answer this question with a resounding yes, but the true answer is likely not nearly so forthright.  One needs to be in the right state of mind.  Looking out at this foggy and misty world through a long telephoto lens one is no longer pondering the wide open grand landscape, but rather a very small section of the macro world.  Scenes transpire and evaporate into evanescence in a matter of seconds and then reappear in different shapes and forms in a seemingly endless cycle.  Looking at such drama is like looking through a window into ones own soul.  What attracts you to this small section of the misty landscape rather than another?  A rational approach to answering this question may not get you very far.  With the environment changing so fast there is no time to precisely compose.  One is not so much aware of things here as they are, but rather ones experience of a fast changing landscape.  And with this much movement and change, our experience of the scene will direct where our attention goes and ultimately the moods and emotions inherent in the images.  Presence and stillness are required, a willingness to let go and go with the flow, and to be a part of the flow.  In essence, we become part of the landscape, with our inner self, emotions, and feelings moving freely through the mist of the forest.

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Secrets of the Forest

(3) Equipment

The equipment I recommend for capturing beautiful moody and atmospheric images of forests in the mist includes a full frame digital mirrorless or DSLR camera and a long telephoto zoom lens.  For most of the images in this series I used a Nikon D810 along with a Nikon 200-500mm 5.6 lens.   Although the Nikon 200-500 is one big beast of a lens weighing approximately five pounds and being 10.5 inches long, it is not nearly as heavy as its F 4.0 counterparts.  The lens has a very capable Vibration Reduction (VR) which can be used even when the lens is resting on a tripod which is very important because even the slightest movement of the lens can create blur with a telephoto zoom this large.

Although one can of course also compose images with other focal lengths such as wit a 70-200mm zoom or even a wide angle zoom, it is a long telephoto zoom that is going to maximize your flexibility in capturing the best compositions in the field.  The best compositions are most often very small areas of the larger scene best captured at focal lengths of between 400 mm to  about 700 mm.   Even small movements left, right, up or down, will result often in entirely different compositions.  Using these large focal lengths will also create a pleasingly compressed perspective.  This will transform a scene that at shorter focal lengths would appear rather flat with  major areas of dead space to something with well placed composition elements filling more of the frame.  Although the Nikon lens only goes to 500mm, going beyond this can  easily be achieved by either shooting in cropped sensor mode or by simply cropping the image in post processing.  The quality of the files from the Nikon D810, Nikon D850, Sony A7R2 and A7R3 can easily handle cropping by as much as 50% or even more.

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Lost in the Forest

(4) Technique

One must keep in mind when discussing technique in photographing forests in the mist that technique is all in service of creating images that are also projections of our own inner vision.  As previously mentioned, the images are not of the scene as it is but rather our experience of the scene.  More on this when we discuss the “Active Imagination” and how this relates to creating images.  But clearly there are actions of a more pure technical nature that warrant review that will help us harness our vision.

I always scan the scene first with my own eyes looking for areas of interest.  Remember areas of interest will be fleeting, but one may still look for the dominant recurring patterns in the scene by answering the following questions: (1) which direction is the mist moving –up from the valley, or down from the ridges? (2) What sections of trees come in and out of view? (3) Are the trees deciduous or evergreen or some of both?  (4) do the trees follow the lines of ridges and are these lines curved or straight? (5) Are there islands of trees separated by fog, mist or clouds?  (6) Where is the source of light and how is it penetrating the clouds and mist?  (7) Is there a layer of clouds over the fog and mist? (8) What colors, texture and tones are present?  Once I have an understanding of the answer to these and related questions I will only then mount the lens with camera attached to the tripod.

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Behind the Scenes PC Stuke Sowie

Long telephoto lenses will magnify the impact of any movement of the camera and lens resulting in blurry images.  A long telephoto lens needs to be mounted onto the sturdiest tripod you can reasonably carry using a tripod color as the point of attachment and not the camera itself.   This will help reduce the chance of shake and vibrations associated with the use of a very long and heavy lens.   If possible it is best to mount the lens on the tripod with the legs only partially extended minimizing the use of the extended legs that are smaller in diameter.  This will result in a sturdier tripod less effected by movements caused by wind.  Never use the tripod’s center column unless absolutely necessary.

Additional steps to reduce vibrations and any camera and lens movement include the following: put the mirror in lock up position (or use a mirrorless camera), use a cable release in combination with a self timer, and enable use of electronic first curtain shutter.   Electronic first curtain shutter (EFCS) used either with mirrorless or with the DSLR mirror up makes it so the start of the shutter motion isn’t even mechanical (the camera basically just starts recording the exposure because the shutter is already up, so there are fewer parts moving to create vibration.   Even with mirror lockup on a tripod and proper technique, without EFCS enabled it’s easy to get blurry results at certain shutter speeds (from around 1/100 to 1 second) with long lenses.  With the EFCS enabled, use a 3 second exposure delay mode combined with the 2 second self timer (5 seconds total) and a remote, and that will be  enough time for camera and lens to settle.

To even further reduce vibrations cause by wind experiement with the use of VR.  VR on newer lenses have either a tripod mode or the lens automatically detects the use of a tripod.   Try taking images with and without VR.  Use of VR will often  make a huge difference for the better, other times it seems to make things worse.  Finally experiment with the use of different ISOs.  I always take a series of images at several different ISOs.  I always start by attempting to use the cameras base ISO because ultimately if conditions are sufficiently good this will result in the best file.  In order to ensure success, however, I also try ISO 400 and even ISO 1000, especially when shooting in low light, to get at faster shutter speeds that may be less succeptible to the impact of any camera and or lens movement.

Once the camera is mounted on the camera and you are ready to shoot, start at the widest focal lenght  because it can be very diffcult to find and isolate your intended subject at 500mm.  Alternately look at the subject with your eyes and through the viewfinder until you lock on the subject and then move to the desired longer focal lenth.  Remember the scene will be fleeting  and the cluods and mist may be moving fast so you will need to repeat this process again and again during the shooting session.

Active Imagination

“Without this playing with fantasy no creative work has ever yet come to birth. The debt we owe to the play of the imagination is incalculable.”  Carl Jung

Forests in the Mists offer a fertile playing ground for the Active Imagination and finding the inner source and drive for creativity.  For the Active Imagination to come into play it is necessary to let go for a period of time of our conscious attempts to deliberately control every step of the photographic process and enter a state of flow.  The first stage of the active imagination is like dreaming with open eyes.  Active imagination is a method of assimilating unconscious contents  (dreams and fantasies) through some form of self-expression, in our case photography.  With a constantly changing landscape with the mist and clouds moving through the forest coming in and out of view, it is difficult if not impossible to be too deliberate in our actions because if we do, the scene will evaporate before our eyes before we have a chance to capture the image.

In the second stage of Active Imagination, we go beyond simply observing the images, consciously participate in them, taking notice of emotions and feelings, and  honestly evaluating what they mean about oneself and a willingness to act on these insights. This is a transition from a merely perceptive mode to one of judgment.  It is in this second stage where the craft of photography comes into play for the creation of art that is not only part of ones immediate experience and personally meaningful,  but is also is connected to the the physical world, forest in the mists.  This is like a dance between our conscious and unconscious self, with neither being in total control.  What emerges from the dance is a stronger sense of self, and a visual metaphor for the dance, in the form of a photograph that is art.

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Stairway to Heaven

Composition

Composition can be very challenging in an environment where nothing is still and scenes are fleeting, but it is not impossible if one is not overly judgmental.  Remember this is a play between the fantasies of our unconscious mind and our conscious self.  One must be willing to dance, not getting too attached to precisely formulated and deliberate actions.  I take many images, one right after the other, looking for composition elements such as lines, curves, repeating shapes, a balance of warm and cool tones, and layers of interest that will help provide a sense of depth to and otherwise compressed telephoto perspective.  This is not the time for just taking just one or two sequences of images as many do at an iconic grand landscape scene.  This is also not the time for being overly critical of oneself, but just to engage in the flow and dance of creative photography.  There will be time for curating and reducing the number of images to a manageable level later.  But even here one must be careful not to overly curate.  These images will provide insight into your own soul and creative journey.  Many, not just a few, will provide the visual trail that leads to a better understanding of your authentic self.  Your viewers will have a much better sense of who you are as a person and your journey through viewing a more complete portfolio.  For a more on Finding Your Photographic Vision and the Search for your Authentic Self click here.

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Mystery

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Layers and Tiers of Clouds and Trees

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Trees Floating on Clouds

Processing

Usually I can capture all the dynamic range I need with either my Nikon D810 or Sony ARR3 camera and do not need to exposure blend.  In raw development, however, I will often use a graduated filter to reduce exposure to the upper par of the scene.  In difficult cases I will double process the image, one image processed for highlights and the second for the shadows or darker parts of the scene and then blend the two in Photoshop.   A key processing step for Forests in the Mist is global and local area adjustments of white balance.   I will first decide if I want to give the entire scene a warmer or cooler tone and then apply a global adjustment if needed.  I will then, however, selectively cool or warm up different parts of the scene paying close attention for where the source of light is in the image.  The portion of the image closer to the light source may need warming up, and the portion further away may need cooling down to get at the contrast between warm and cool light that is consistent with my experience of the scene.  I may also add either globally or selectively a little more magenta to the image if it has a green bias.  In raw development I will open up the shadows moderately and make sure the image has sufficient brightness.  I generally do not play with the clarity and haze adjustments at all unless there are local areas of the scene that need a little boost because there is little or no definition.  These scenes are naturally rendered soft so the grunge look is neither neither or desired.

In Photoshop my main adjustments are for contrast using Luminosity Masks.  For this I usually start with the lights using a curve adjustment with a multiply blending mode and then raise the center of the curve.  I will then adjust the darks and mid-tones using levels adjustments to improve the contrast in the image and get the image to have more pop.  I then will consider applying a light Orton effect if needed (the scene is already inherently soft due to atmospheric conditions).  I may or may not sharpen the image depending upon how shapening effects the image.  Too much texture or micro contrast in a Forest in the Mist image is not necessarily a good thing where a softer less contrasty image usually works best.  If I need to do a color adjustment this comes last but usually with the contrast adjustments in the previous steps the image already has good color.

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Ephemeral

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Behind the Veil of Nature’s Mystery

Conclusion

If you are looking for new avenues for creativity in your photography consider taking a walk into Forests in the Mist.  This mystical forest is ripe with mystery that is fertile ground  for unleashing creative forces through the Active Imagination that will not only find their way into your images but also help you develop a more evolved sense of your authentic self .  This more evolved self will most resonate with network of friends and acquaintances who will be able participate in your artistic journey through your images.

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Misty Forest

Erwin Busek Photography (c) 2018

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Going Wide, Going Narrow, Creating Layers of Beauty

In Landscape Photography today, it seems like the most popular focal length involves the use of an ultra-wide angle lens at its widest focal length.  In full frame photography this means a focal length of either 14mm or 16mm.  With a cropped sensor camera this means about 11mm and with Micro 4/3 this means about  7mm.  It is easy to understand why this is so.  An ultra-wide lens allows one to easily bring in layers of beauty with a prominent foreground such as flowers and or rocks, a pleasing mid ground such as a lake and island, and an attractive background such as distant peaks and dramatic skies.  An ultra-wide angle worked great for the feature image of this blog post titled “The Eye of the Crater” (also shown below) taken at sunset at Oregon’s Crater Lake with a full frame focal length of 16mm.

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Eye of the Crater 16mm f-16

But is an ultra-wide angle perspective always the best choice when creating layers of beauty in nature and landscape images?  This blog post will examine some of the factors I consider when choosing the best focal length to fulfill my vision for the image including the creation of layers of beauty.

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Elowah Mystery of Autumn 16mm f-11 (focus stacked)

Although ultra-wide angles are great for capturing near far relationships in the landscape, I find that they are not always the best choice.  I always try to achieve a balanced and realistic perspective when rendering near far relationships.  We have all seen the images so popular in social media with the flower on steroids looming large in the image foreground with a gigantic mountain in the background, a perspective achieved through the use of different focal lengths including extreme wide angles, composite imagery and warping.  Although this is sometimes done with believable subtlety, in most cases it is not and at least in my opinion results in an image that only exists in fantasy.  Often the photographer will rationalize this approach by saying it is more consistent with how one sees a image in real life, but I do not buy this.  It is primarily done to create shock value in social media.  But one can also bring attention to ones images in social media by creating photographs that are refreshingly believable.  There is a strong appetite for believable imagery in this age of digital trickery!

mazama-ridge-rock-comp Mazama Moment 28mm f-8 (focus stacked)

In the above image, Mazama Moment, I found that a 28mm moderate wide angle full frame lens was the best choice for balancing foreground, mid-ground and background elements. Had I used instead 16mm lens, Mt. Rainier would have been rendered minuscule, completely out of proportion with the rest of the scene and inconsistent with how one would typically see the scene if at the site.  The foreground still looms reasonably large in this image featuring important details of the red Huckleberries and the granite boulder, but they are not in your face.  The mid-ground featuring the play of light and shadow of the early evening light provides a wonderful transition to the peak and surrounding ridges.

It is best not to set up one’s tripod right away when trying to determine the best focal length because using different focal lengths usually also involves either moving further back or getting closer to achieve the optimal balance.  Typically I do not even use a camera at all when initially determining the best focal length.  I allow my eyes to wander and pay close attention to how they are going wide or going narrow in best taking in the beauty of the scene.   Zooms can make one lazy if one is merely checking out different focal lengths on a tripod at the same location.  One needs to move around!  Sometimes even inches can make the difference.

With the advent of focus stacking one can create tack sharp near far relationships even at the longest end of the wide-angle spectrum.   This next image of Picture Lake was captured at a 35mm  focal length.

picture-sunset-day-2compr1crop  Picture Lake Mountain Ash Purple Mountain Majesty 35mm f-11 (focus stacked)

In this image I wanted to feature the autumn colors of the Mountain Ash and its orange berries but still render Mt. Shuksan reasonably large.  The choice of a 35mm focal length helped me reach by goal of balancing the many layers in the image including the Mountain Ash, grassy areas leading up to the lake, Picture Lake, the distant forest, Mt. Shuksan and the sky.

One of the most common uses of a telephoto lens (I am defining the telephoto perspective as 55mm or above) is to isolate a subject with pleasing bokeh (out of focus areas around the subject).    Such a perspective can be seen in the next couple of images.  This perspective is typically achieved by combining a telephoto focal length with an aperture of f-2.8 to f-5.6 and shooting sufficiently close to the subject to blur the area before and behind the in-focus subject.kubota-easter778

Tulip Tree 170mm f-4.5

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Big Horn Sheep 200mm  f-5.6

The just beyond normal to extreme telephoto focal length range and longer telephoto lengths extending up to the extreme, however, can also be used to balance near and far relationships and create layers of beauty.  Maintaining sharp focus throughout the image will require using an aperture typically in the  f-10 to f-16 range or using a focus stacking technique and a more wide open aperture consistent with the peak performance of the lens.  Using apertures in the f-18 and above range is nor recommend because it results in diffraction that can actually cause the loss of sharpness.  This next image titled “Kendall Winter Wonderland” from a recent snowshoeing trip was taken with a 55mm fixed focal length lens.

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Kendall Winter Wonderland 55mm f-14

Even at 55mm one can see the definite effect of the slight compression of the various layers of beauty in the image.  At first I attempted to frame the image with my wide angle zoom but it became apparent quickly that this was not the best choice, providing too much emphasis to an uninteresting foreground and rendering the mid-ground and distant peaks insignificant.  55mm was perfect for the effect I was trying to achieve.

In this next image Polychrome River Delta Y going wide would have been absolutely the wrong choice because it would have rendered the distant Alaska range small and uninteresting.  A wide angle like emphasis on the foreground was actually best achieved with an 82mm focal length with two images stitched as a panorama.

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Polychrome River Delta Y 82mm f-10 (2 image panorama)

In the next image “Mt Baker Rising” I wanted to include some important foreground detail to provide a better sense of time and place.  This image was taken in Autumn from Table Moutain.

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Mt. Baker Rising 94mm f-16

The 94mm focal length at F14 allowed me to capture the layers of meadow, red huckleberries and trees in the foreground offering a transition to the mid-ground ridges and lower fog/clouds, ant the distant mountain and sea of clouds.  In this image I did end up slightly warping the top  of the image to make the mountain somewhat bigger, but this was done with restraint and subtlety always keeping my goal in mind to capture the scene in a manner consistent with how I experienced it.  In this next image I needed to go all the way up to 300mm to capture a similar effect.

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Denali Rising 300mm F10

In this next image titled “Tiger Mountain White Forest” I wanted to bring good emphasis to the first layer of deciduous trees covered in snow and ice.

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Tiger Mountain White Forest 200mm f-14

For this image I found that 200mm was perfect for bringing this lower layer to a prominent position in the foreground and balancing the scene with two other distinctive layers, the snow covered evergreen forest in the mid-ground and the distant dramatic and luminous clouds.

As we go up the focal length scale often we can capture an isolated area of a lot larger more chaotic scene and render the entire scene acceptably sharp by choosing an f-stop between f11 and f14.   Such an image may contain multiple layers of beauty all carrying equal weight thereby establishing a pattern in the layers of beauty.  This can be seen in the next image titled “Secrets of the Forest” taken at 370mm full frame equivalent focal length.

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Secrets of the Forest 370mm f-10

In this coming year I am going to challenge myself to use Telephoto focal lengths more often to balance near and far relationships and create layers of beauty in the landscape.  I challenge you to also consider alternative focal lengths when creating your own layers of landscape beauty!